HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY 329 



7. Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg. Grouseberry or Dwarf Red Whortleberry. 



Fig. 3743. 



Vaccinium myrtillus \zr. microphyllum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 33. 1834. 

 Vaccinium microphyllum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 251. 1897. Not Reinw. 1826. 

 Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, Mazama 1: 196. 1897. 



Low tufted shrub, 1-4 dm. high, glabrous throughout, the branchlets green and conspicuously 

 angled. Leaves oval to broadly elliptic, 5-12 mm. long, rounded to acute at both ends, pale green 

 and shining above, dull beneath, serrulate ; flowers solitary in the axils, about equaling the nodding 

 pedicels ; calyx shallowly lobed or merely undulate-margined ; corolla light or dark pink, ovoid- 

 urceolate, about 3 mm. long; berry light red, 3-5 mm. in diameter, globose, sweet and palatable. 



Hudsonian and Canadian Zones; Alaska to northern California east to Colorado and Utah. Fairly common 

 on the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, and abundant as an undershrub on the high mountains of eastern Wash- 

 ington and Oregon; also sparingly found in the Siskiyou and Salmon Mountains of Oregon and northern Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: "Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage. Drummond." July. 



8. Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith. Oval-leaved Bilberry. Fig. 3744. 



Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith in Rees, Cycl. 36: no. 2. 1817. 



A slender straggling shrub, 1-3.5 m. high, with glabrous foliage and slightly angled branch- 

 lets. Leaves oval or oblong, mostly rounded to acutish at the apex, rounded at the base, thin, pale 

 green above, usually glaucescent beneath, entire or more or less serrulate ; flowers solitary in the 

 axils on pedicels of about the same length ; calyx minutely lobed or merely undulate-margined ; 

 corolla ovoid or subglobose, 6-8 mm. long, pinkish ; berry globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, blue- 

 black with more or less bloom, subacid and palatable. 



Dry woods. Humid Transition and lower Canadian Zones; Washington and northern Oregon; widely distri- 

 buted over North America from Alaska to Montana, Quebec, and Michigan. Type locality: "Brought by Mr. 

 Menzies from the west coast of America." May-June. 



9. Vaccinium parvifolium Smith. Red Bilberry or Red Huckleberry. Fig. 3745. 



Vaccinium parvifolium Smith in Rees, Cycl. 36: no. 3. 1817. 



Erect glabrous shrub, 1-4 m. high, with green sharply angled, articulated branchlets. Leaves 

 8-35 mm. long, varying from ovate to oblong, usually oval, obtuse or sometimes acutish at apex, 

 rounded or abruptly narrowed at base, entire or nearly so, dull green above, paler beneath, thin ; 

 flowers solitary in the axils, usually exceeded by the recurved pedicels ; calyx more or less dis- 

 tinctly 5-lobed, the lobes less than 1 mm. long ; corolla depressed-globose, 4-6 mm. long ; greenish 

 white or greenish yellow; berry bright red, globose, 6-10 mm. in diameter, subacid but very 

 palatable. 



Deep woods, Humid Transition and Canadian Zones; Aleutian Islands to California. In the Pacific States 

 it is common from the lower altitudes of the Cascade Mountains to the coast of Washington and Oregon, ex- 

 tending southward to the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada of central California. Type locality: "West Coast 

 of North America," Menzies. May. 



2. OXYCOCCUS [Tourn.] Hill. Brit. Herb. 324. 1756. 



Trailing- or erect shrubs with glabrous or slightly pubescent branches. Leaves sessile 

 or nearly so, alternate, persistent or deciduous. Flowers solitary or in small clusters, 

 terminal or axillary, on long slender curved pedicels, bracteate and with or without 2 

 small bractlets on the pedicel. Corolla 4-5-cleft nearly to the base, the lobes narrow, 

 spreading or reflexed in anthesis. Stamens twice as many as corolla-lobes and about 

 equaling them in length, erect. Filaments stout, shorter than the anthers, pubescent. 

 Anthers prolonged into very long tubes, without dorsal appendages. Ovary 4-5-cellerl. 

 without false partitions; style slender; stigma capitate, adnate to the calyx-tube; fruit 

 berry-like, many-seeded, red, juicy and acid. [Name Greek, meaning sour berry.] 



A genus of about 6 species, widely distributed over the northern hemisphere. Type species, Oxycoccus 

 vulgaris Hill. 



\. Oxycoccus palustris Pers. Small or European Cranberry. Fig. 3746. 



Vaccinium Oxycoccus L. Sp. PI. 351. 1753. 



Oxycoccus palustris Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 419. 1805. 



Oxycoccus Oxycoccus MacM. Bull. Torrey Club 19: 15. 1892. 



Trailing woody shrubs, with glabrous or slightly tomentose, filiform branches, rooting at the 

 nodes. Leaves persistent, thick and coriaceous, scattered along the branches, 4-9 mm. long, ovate 

 to elliptic, acute at the apex, rounded to subcordate or narrowed at base, strongly revolute- 

 tnargined, dark green and shining above, glaucous beneath, glabrous ; flowers strictly terminal, 

 solitary or in clusters, on nodding or semierect pedicels; bractlets filiform or subulate; calyx- 

 lobes rounded or acutish ; corolla-segments 5 mm. long ; filaments about half as long as the 

 anthers ; berry dark red, globose, 7-10 mm. in diameter. 



Sphagnum bogs, Canadian Zone; of wide geographic range in the subarctic and cool-temperate regions, 

 Teaching our limits in northern Washington where it intergrades with the following variety. Type locality: 

 Europe. June-Aug. Fruit, Sept.-Oct. 



Oxycoccus palustris var. intermedium (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 413. 1901. {Vaccinium 

 Oxycoccus var. intermedium A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 2^: 396. 1886.) Distinguished from the typical 



