BORAGE FAMILY 



549 





4198 

 4198. Lithospermum ruderale 



4200 



4199 



4199. Lithospermum californicum 4200. Lappula echinata 



racemes, pedicels erect in fruit. Corolla blue or white, salverform, small, tube short, 

 closed by 5 scales, lobes obtuse, spreading. Stamens included; filaments very short. 

 Ovary 4-lobed ; style short. Nutlets 4, erect or incurved, attached all along their ventral 

 keel to a subulate gynobase. [Name Latin, meaning a bur.] 



About 14 species, native mostly of the north temperate regions. Type species, Myosotis Lappula L. 



Marginal spines of the achenes in 2 rows, slender, not confluent at base. 

 Marginal spines in 1 row, the bases often more or less confluent. 



1. L. echinata. 



2. L. Redowskii. 



L Lappula echinata Gilib. European Stickseed. Fig. 4200. 



Myosotis Lappula L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753. 

 Lappula echinata Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. 1: 25. 1781. 

 Lappula Myosotis Moench, Meth. 417. 1794. 

 Echinospermum Lappula Lehm. Asperif. 121. 1818. 

 Lappula Lappula Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 979. 1880-1883. 



Annual, with erect, simple to freely branched stem, 1.5-6 dm. high, villous-hirsute with 

 upwardly more or less appressed hairs. Lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate, the others linear- 

 sessile, ascending, 2.5-5 cm. long, appressed villous-hirsute, passing into the bracts of the 

 racemes; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear, spreading and 2.5-3 mm. long in fruit; 

 corolla blue, tube surpassing the calyx, limb 3-4 mm. wide; nutlets 3.5-4 mm. long, strongly 

 muricate-prickly dorsally, prickles in 2 rows on the margin, long and slender, not confluent at base. 



Dry plains, hillsides, and fields, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; introduced in eastern Wash- 

 ington and eastern Oregon to Idaho, Nevada, and eastward across the continent. Type locality: in Europe. 

 June-Aug. 



2. Lappula Redowskii (Hornem.) Greene. Western Stickseed. Fig. 4201. 



Myosotis Redowskii Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 174. 1813. 



Echinospermum Redowskii Lehm. Asperif. 127. 1818. 



Echinospermum Redowskii var. occidentale S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 246. pi. 23. figs. 9-10. 1871. 



Lappula occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 4: 97. 1899. 



Annual, the stems simple or few-branched at base and erect or sometimes diffuse, 15-35 cm. 

 high, herbage more or less canescent with a strigose and also villous pubescence. Leaves nar- 

 rowly linear to narrowly lanceolate or the lower narrowly oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long ; flowers 

 in the axils of small foliaceous bracts, forming open and at length elongated terminal racemes ; 

 pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx-segments narrowly lanceolate, erect or but little spreading in 

 fruit, a little shorter than the corolla-tube ; corolla blue, 3-4 mm. long, conspicuously crested on 

 the throat; nutlets 2-2.5 mm. long, bordered by a single row of barbed prickles, the prickles 

 distinct at base or joined by a narrow margin, the dorsal area of nutlets above the prickles 

 ovate, distinctly tuberculate. 



Dry hillsides and valleys, mainly Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; British Columbia southward 

 east of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino Mountains, California, east to the 

 Dakotas and Texas; also in Eurasia and Argentina. Type locality: in Asia. April-July. 



Lappula Redowskii var. cupulata (A. Gray) M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Montana No. 15. 44. 1910. {Echino- 

 spermum Redowskii var. cupulatum A. Grav, Bot. Calif. 1: 530. 1876; Lappula cupulata Rydb. Bull. Torrey 

 Club 28: 31. 1901; L. texana var. coltimbiana (A. Nels.) I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. No. 70: 50. 

 1924; L. Redowskii var. desertorum (Greene) I. M. Johnston, Contr. Arnold Arb. No. 3: 93. 1932.) Dis- 



