VERVAIN FAMILY 609 



little or no fine pubescence. Lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, the upper lanceolate to narrowly 

 ovate, bristly-hirsute with spreading or appressed hairs ; spikes often bracteate below, becoming 

 loosely flowered but not greatly elongated; fruiting calyx 6-10 mm. long, the lobes linear-lanceo- 

 late, bristly-hirsute and the margin densely long-ciliate ; corolla deep yellow, usually well-exserted, 

 7-10 mm. long, the throat nearly closed by hairy, saccate intrusions ; stamens inserted below the 

 middle of the corolla-tube; nutlets triangular-ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, only obscurely keeled dor- 

 sally, closely muricate, but not rugose, or only slightly so. 



Usually in moist ground. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Washington and Oregon, on both sides of 

 the Cascades, south to central California and Nevada. Type locality: described from cultivated plants grown 

 from seeds collected by Douglas, probably those listed by him in his Journal (page 116, species 151) ". . . . 

 seeds not yet known; this very interesting species was found on Menzies Island [near Vancouver, Washington] 

 in company with Mr. Scouler; scarce, only three specimens of it were found, two of which are in mv posses- 

 sion. I have since found it in abundance near all the Indian lodges above the Rapids of the Columbia. S. 

 The "S" means seeds were collected. April-June. 



24. ASPERUGO [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 138. 1753. 



Rough-hispid, procumbent, annual herb, with alternate, entire leaves, and small white 

 or blue flowers borne solitary or 2-3 together in the upper axils. Calyx campanulate, 

 unequally 5-cIeft, the toothed lobes enlarged and folded together in fruit. Corolla tubular- 

 campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes imbricated. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, included; 

 filaments very short. Ovary 4-divided; style short; stigma capitate. Nutlets 4, ovoid, 

 erect, keeled, granular-tuberculate, attached laterally above the middle to the long-conic 

 receptacle. [Name Latin, meaning rough, referring to the pubescence of the foliage.] 



A monotypic genus of Europe and Asia. 



1. Asperugo procumbens L. Catchweed or German Madwort. Fig. 4338. 



Asperugo procumbens L. Sp. PI. 138. 1753. 



Stems often diffusely branched, slender and procumbent or ascending, 2-5 dm. long, retrorsely 

 short-hispid. Leaves scabrous, obovate to oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at apex, 

 the lower mostly oblanceolate and narrowed to a winged petiole ; flowers short-pedicelled, blue, 

 about 2-3 mm. broad; calyx in fruit 8-15 mm. broad, dry and membranous, strongly veined; nut- 

 lets obliquely ovoid, about 4 mm. long, granulate-tuberculate. 



Locally abundant along roadsides and in fields in eastern Oregon, especially Grant and Umatilla Counties. 

 Adventive from Europe. May-Aug. 



25. HARPAGONELLA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11; 88. 1876. 



Small pubescent annual with the stems branching from the base. Flowers minute, 

 white, racemosely disposed along the bracteate branches. Calyx in flower slightly, but 

 in fruit exceedingly, unequal ; 3 of the lobes nearly distinct, the other 2 united to above 

 the middle, closely enwrapping the fruit and armed dorsally with 5-9 soft uncinate spines. 

 Corolla minute, subbracteate. Style entire. Ovary 2-parted. Nutlets 1 or sometimes 2, 

 thin-coriaceous, smooth, obliquely attached by the narrow base to the small depressed 

 gynobase. [Name diminutive of Latin harpago, a grappling hook.] 



A monotypic genus of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. 



1. Harpagonella Palmeri A. Gray. Harpagonella. Fig. 4339. 



Harpagonella Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 88. 1876. 



Stem usually branched from or near the base, the branches few and ascending, or sometimes 

 diffuse, 2.5-20 cm. long, thinly appressed-pubescent. Leaves narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, 

 0.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, appressed-pubescent beneath, appressed-hispid above with the 

 hairs pustulate at base ; bracts 2-8 mm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate ; pedicels short, stout, 

 becoming recurved; corolla white, barely 2 mm. long; calyx-lobes 1-1.5 mm. long in flower, 

 2-3 . 5 mm. long in fruit, narrowly linear, armed with several uncinate prickles ; nutlets 1 or 2, 

 completely enclosed in the oblong or fusiform somewhat indurate calyx-tube. 



Dry barren mesas and hillsides. Lower Sonoran Zone; cismontane southern California, frequent in western 

 San Diego County; rare and local northward, Saugus and Pasadena, Los Angeles County; Murietta, Riverside 

 County; Catalina Island, southward to Lower California. Type locality: Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 

 March-April. 



Family 133. VERBENACEAE. 



Vervain Family 



Herbs, shrubs or trees with usually opposite or verticillate, simple or compound 

 leaves. Flowers perfect, usually more or less irregular, in terminal or axillary 

 spikes, racemes or panicles. Calyx generally 4— 5-toothed or 4— 5-cleft, persistent. 

 Corolla sympetalous, hypogynous. regular or more or less 2-lipped, the tube cylin- 

 dric, the limb 4-5 lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, rarely 2 or 5, inserted on the corolla- 



