VERVAIN FAMILY 611 



gose above and slightly scabrous, more densely strigose beneath ; spikes short-pedunculate, more 

 or less crowded on the short branches, densely flowered ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter 

 than the calyx, hispidulous at least on the margins ; calyx 2 mm. long, sparsely strigose-hispidu- 

 lous, teeth short, acuminate, connivent in fruit; corolla blue, pink or white, its limb 2.5-3 mm. 

 broad ; nutlets 2 mm. long ; smooth or faintly striate, commissural faces smooth or sparsely 

 muriculate, brownish. 



Moist ground, Transition and Sonoran Zones; British Columbia south through Washington and Oregon, 

 on both sides of the Cascade Mountains to Central California. Type locality: "Habitat in Canadae humidis." 

 June-Sept. 



Verbena stricta Vent. Descr. PI. Jard. Cels, p!. 53. 1800. Mullen-leaved Vervain. Similar to Verbena 

 hastata L. but leaves sessile and densely soft-pubescent. Widely distributed from Montana and Texas eastward. 

 In the Pacific States it has been collected only at Myers Falls, Stevens County, Washington. Type locality: 

 Illinois. 



3. Verbena scabra Vahl. Rough Verbena. Fig. 4342. 



Verbena scabra Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 2. 1798. 



Annual, stems erect, 4-8 dm. high, simple below, usually branching above, rather slender, 

 hispidulous. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, abruptly narrowed 

 below to a slender petiole, serrate, scabrous on both surfaces ; spikes very slender, 8-1 S cm. long; 

 bracts subulate, about 1 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, hispidulous, teeth about 0.5 mm. long, con- 

 nivent in fruit ; corolla-tube slightly exceeding the calyx, limb about 2 mm. broad ; nutlets 

 1.5 mm. long, striate, commissural surface whitish-puberulent. 



Moist places, Sonoran Zones; Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange Counties, California, 

 and northern Lower California; also southern Arizona and Texas, east to North Carolina and south to 

 Mexico and West Indies. Type locality: "Habitat in America meridionali." 



This species has been confused with V. urticifolia L., but readily distinguished by its scabrous herbage. 



4. Verbena menthaefolia Benth. Mintleaved Verbena. Fig. 4343. 



Verbena menthaefolia Benth. PI. Hartw. 21. 1839. 



Annual or short-lived perennial, stems several from the crown of a stout root, 4-6 dm. high, 

 more or less strigose-pubescent. Leaves narrowed to a slender petiole about 1 cm. long, the 

 blades irregularly pinnatifid and serrate, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2.5-3 cm. long, 

 strigose and somewhat canescent on both surfaces, pinnately veined ; spikes terminating the 

 branches slender, becoming elongated and open in fruit, 1-20 cm. long, strigose-canescent ; bracts 

 lanceolate-subulate, 2 mm. long; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, teeth minute; corolla purple, tube dis- 

 tinctly exserted, stigillose, limb 5-6 mm. broad, lobes truncate, nutlets trigonous, 2-2.5 mm. 

 long, striate, reticulate above, commissural faces muricate. 



Dry hillsides and mesas, Sonoran Zones; Riverside and San Diego Counties, California, and southwestern 

 Arizona to Lower California and southern Mexico. Type locality: Leon, Guanajuato. April-June. 



Verbena officinalis L. Sp. PI. 20. 175.1. Similar to I'erbcna menthaefolia. Inflorescence more or less 

 densely glandular and viscid-pubescent whereas in V. menthaefolia it is more or less densely strigillose-canescent 

 and nonglandular. Native of Europe. Introduced in eastern United States, and has appeared as a ballast plant 

 in Portland (Linnton), Oregon, and as an introduction in Amador County, California. 



5. Verbena lasiostachys Link. Western Verbena. Fig. 4344. 



Verbena prostrata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 41. 1812. Not Savi 1802. 

 Verbena lasiostachys Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 122. 1822. 



Stems erect or ascending, at first, becoming much-branched and diffuse or decumbent, 2-5 dm. 

 long, villous. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, cuneately narrowed at base to a narrowly winged 

 petiole, acutely incised and serrate, often 3-5-cleft, pubescent on both surfaces with upwardly 

 curved hairs, somewhat canescent ; spikes solitary or often in threes at the ends of the branches, 

 densely flowered in anthesis, becoming elongated and loosely flowered later, villous-hirsute and 

 finely glandular ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, about equaling or shorter than the calyx ; the latter 

 about 4-5 mm. long, more or less connivent over the nutlets in fruit ; corolla purple, rarely white, 

 the tube slightly exceeding the calyx, sparsely pubescent without, the limb 3-4 mm. wide ; nutlets 

 oblong-trigonous, the back strongly reticulate at the apex and striate below, the striae fading out 

 toward the base. 



Dry open ground. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; LTmpqua Valley, western Oregon, to northern 

 Lower California. Type locality: not definitely known, but probably coastal California. May-Sept. 



Verbena lasiostachys var. septentrionalis Moldenke, Amer. Midi. Nat. 24: 753. 1940. "Differs from 

 the typical form in its calyx being in all only 3-4 mm. long." The type was collected near Medford, Oregon, 

 and it seems to be the prevailing form in Oregon and in the North Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to 

 Kern County, California. 



Verbena lasiostachvs var. Abramsii (Moldenke) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3:381. 1943. (Verbena Abramsii 

 Moldenke, Amer. Midi. Nat. 24: 740. 1940.) Similar to the above but the calyx "only 2-3 mm. long and very 

 minutely toothed." This form, described originally from San Diego County, occurs also in the southern Sierra 

 Nevada, and on the desert slopes of the mountains of southern California, especially of the San Gabriel and San 

 Bernardino Ranges. 



6. Verbena robusta Greene. Robust Vervain. Fig. 4345. 



Verbena robusta Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898. 



Verbena lasiostachys var. scabrida Moldenke, Amer. Midi. Nat. 24: 753. 1940. 



Stems erect, 5-9 dm. high, solitary or sometimes two or more from the stout perennial root, 

 paniculately branched above, herbage rather bright green, sparsefy hirsute or glabrate. Leaves 



