612 VERBENACEAE 



ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm. long, the cuneate base tapering into a winged petiole, irregularly 

 serrate dentate or incised, at least the lower usually 3-cleft or 3-lobed near the base, the teeth 

 prominently apiculate, upper surface scabrous the lower thinly hispidulous; spikes short- 

 peduncled or subsessile, densely flowered, 3-10 cm. long, glandular and hirsutulous ; bracts 

 lanceolate-subulate, slightly exceeding the calyx; calyx 3^ mm. long, lobes not connivent m 

 fruit • corolla-tube puberulent without and slightly so within, limb 2-3 mm. broad ; nutlets oblong- 

 trigonous, 1.5-2 mm. long, reticulate above, the striae becoming obscure toward the base, com- 

 missural face densely muriculate and gray. 



Banks and borders of winter pools, Sonoran Zones; Marin, Alameda and Tuolumne Counties to Santa Cata- 

 lina Island, California and to northern Lower California. Type locality: "Dry hills about San Francisco Bay, 

 especially near Point Isabel on the eastern shore, and on Point Tiburon." May-Nov. 



7. Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Bracted Vervain. Fig. 4346. 



Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 4: 260. 180L 

 Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 13. 1803. 



Stems solitary or several from an annual or short-lived perennial root, decumbent or ascend- 

 ing, often diffusely branched, 15-35 cm. high, hirsute. Leaves, at least the lower, usually 3-lobed, 

 narrowed to a winged petiole, the middle lobe larger, cuneate-obovate and incised or toothed, the 

 lateral narrow and divaricate, hirsute below, appressed-hirsutulous above; spikes terminal, ses- 

 sile, 4-12 cm. long in fruit ; bracts conspicuous, much exceeding the flowers, recurved in age, the 

 upper linear-lanceolate, the lower often toothed or divided and leaf-like; calyx 3-4 mm. long, 

 hirsute, teeth very short, connivent in fruit; corolla limb 2.5-3 mm. broad; nutlets about 2 mm. 

 long, prominently reticulate above, becoming only faintly striate toward the base. 



Roadsides and waste places, in heavy or sandy soil. Transition and Sonoran Zones; British Columbia, 

 Washington and Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains, and central and southern California, ranging east 

 across the continent. Type locality: originally described from a plant cultivated in Madrid. May-Uct. 



8. Verbena Gooddingii Briq. Desert Vervain. Fig. 4347. 



Verbena Gooddingii Briq. Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Geneve 10: 103. 1907. 

 Verbena verna var. fissa A. Nels. Amer. Journ. Bot. 18: 437. 1931. 

 Verbena bracteata var. Gooddingii Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 382. 1943. 



Stems usually several from a perennial root, erect or decumbent at base, 2-5 dm. high, pale 

 green, villous-hirsute, more or less glandular. Leaves cinereous-green, villous-hirsute, 2.5-4 cm. 

 long, ovate in outline, narrowed to a winged petiole, 3-cleft, the divisions toothed or incised ; spikes 

 pedunculate, congested and head-like when young, becoming 2-4 cm. long in age ; bracts lanceo- 

 late, 6-8 mm. long, hirsute; calyx villous-hirsute and glandular, 7-8 mm. long, teeth 1.5-2 mm. 

 long, subulate; corolla light purple, pubescent without, limb 8-10 mm. broad, lobes retuse; nut- 

 lets 3-3.5 mm. long, cylindric, conspicuously reticulate to near the striate base, commissural 

 face with a band of retrorsely hispidulous whitish hairs. 



Dry canvon floors. Lower Sonoran Zone; Clark and Providence Mountains, Mojave Desert, California, to 

 Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Sonora and Lower California. Type locality: "Kernan, Meadow Valley wash, Nevada. 

 April-June. 



2. PHYLA Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 66. 1790. 



Perennial herbs with procumbent or creeping stems, glabrous or strigose with 2-forked 

 hairs. Leaves opposite, toothed or lobed. Flowers in congested spikes terminating solitary 

 axillary peduncles. Bracts cuneate-obovate or flabelliform, often with scarious colored 

 margins. Calyx short, flattened, 2-lobed. Corolla 2-Iipped, the tube a little longer than the 

 calyx, violet, blue, pink, or white. Stigma subcapitate, obscurely 2-lobed. Fruit obovoid, 

 surrounded by the membranous calyx, the 2 nutlets adhering or tardily separating from 

 each other. [Named from the Greek phylon, meaning a tribe or race, also a swarm or 

 school, probably in reference to the spreading mat-like growth.] 



A genus of about 15 species, inhabiting warm temperate and tropical regions in both hemispheres. Type 

 species. Phyla chinensis Lour. 



Leaves broadest below the middle, serrate from below the middle to the apex; calyx-lobes about equaling the 

 ty^g_ 1. P. lanceolata. 



Leaves broadest above the middle, serrate only above the middle to the apex, or only at the apex; calyx-lobes only 

 about one-half the length of the tube. 

 Teeth of the leaf-margins spreading; leaves obtuse at apex, tapering gradually to the usually sessile base. 



2. P. tncisa. 



Teeth of the leaf -margins pointing forward; leaves mostly acute at apex, abruptly narrowed below to a 

 short winged petiole. 3. P. nodiflora var. rosea. 



1. Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene. Fog-fruit or Frog-fruit. Fig. 4348. 



Lippia lanceolata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: IS. 1803. 

 Phyla lanceolata Greene, Pittonia 4: 17. 1899. 



Stems procumbent, from a slender perennial rootstock, rooting at the lower nodes, 25-40 cm. 

 long, herbage green and glabrate or thinly strigose vdth appressed 2-forked hairs. Leaves oppo- 

 site, 3-6 cm. long, ovate to lanceolate, broadest below the middle, cuneately narrowed below to 

 a short petiole, acute at apex, sharply serrate to below the middle, lateral veins prominent, upper 

 surface plane ; peduncles slender, usually well exceeding the leaves ; spikes ovoid to short-cylin- 



