606 BORAGINACEAE 



3. Amsinckia grandiflora Kleeb. Large-flowered Fiddle-neck. Fig. 4330. 



Amsinckia grandiflora Kleeb. ex A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 : 525, as a synonym. 1876. 

 Amsinckia vernicosa var. grandiflora A. Gray, loc. cit. 

 Amsinckia grandiflora Kleeb. ex Suksd. Werdenda 1: 113. 1931. 



Stems erect, 3-5 dm. high, branching a few inches above the base or often above the middle, 

 sparingly hispid below, thinly pilose above and the hispid hairs weak or represented only by 

 their pustulate bases. Leaves sessile, the lower linear-lanceolate, the upper lanceolate to broadly 

 so, attenuate at apex, rather densely pustulate on both surfaces, but the bristles rather weak or 

 not developed from some pustules; spikes dense at first, becoming 10-15 cm. long in age; calyx- 

 lobes 3-4, covered with rusty-colored bristles, more or less concealing the appressed hairs be- 

 neath; corolla orange, tube 12-15 mm. long, the limb 8-10 mm. broad; nutlets ovoid-lanceolate, 

 smooth and shining, plane on the back and sides, lateral angles sharp and carinate ; scar ovate- 

 lanceolate, seated a little below the middle. 



Open grasslands. Upper Sonoran Zone; Inner Coast Ranges in Contra Costa and Alameda Counties. Type 

 locality: Antioch, Contra Costa County. At the original locality, this species seems to have been exterminated, 

 and the same seems to be true of other localities in Livermore Valley, but in 1938 R. F. Hoover rediscovered this 

 very distinct species in Corral Hollow, western San Joaquin County. March-May. 



4. Amsinckia vernicosa Hook. & Arn. Green or Vernal Fiddle-neck. Fig. 4331. 



Amsinckia vernicosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 370. 1838. 

 Amsinckia carnosa M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 8: 35. 1898. 

 Amsinckia glauca Suksd. Werdenda 1: 113. 1931. 



Stem erect, simple or with few branches above, sometimes branched at the base, 2-6 dm. 

 high, glabrous and glaucous, or sometimes with scattering bristles above. Leaves glabrous and 

 glaucous-green, smooth beneath, more or less prominently pustulate above, the pustules some- 

 times producing a short mucro, especially those near the tip of the leaf, often ciliate bristly on 

 the margins, lower 4-8 cm. long, linear-lanceolate, narrowed below to a winged petiole, the 

 upper ovate-lanceolate and clasping, all acute or acuminate at apex ; spikes 3-12 cm. long ; 

 calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate and 1-1 . 5 cm. long in fruit, sometimes 2 or more partly united, 

 densely appressed-hirsute and with intermingling stiff spreading bristles ; corolla 10-12 mm. 

 long, limb 3-6 mm. wide; nutlets gray, smooth and shining, 4-6 mm. long, plane on the back 

 and lateral surfaces, lateral angles sharp and carinate, scar very narrow. 



Dry plains and hillsides, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; California Coast Ranges, especially the inner 

 range and the east side of the outer, from Monterey and western Fresno Counties, and western slopes of the 

 Sierra Nevada, Greenhorn Mountains, Kern County, south to central Mojave Desert. Type locality: California. 

 Collected by Douglas, probably on his trip from Monterey to Santa Barbara. March-May. 



Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcSta (Suksd.) Hoover in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 319. 1943. (Amsinckia fur- 

 cata Suksd. Werdenda 1 : 113. 1931.) Herbage much like the species but usually more robust and more frequently 

 bearing scattered bristles; calyx-lobes often 10-12 mm. long; corolla orange, 12-18 mm. long, the limb 8-14 mm. 

 broad. Western edge of the San Joaquin Valley and eastern slopes of the Inner Coast Ranges, western Fresno 

 County to southeastern San Luis Obispo County, California. Type locality: White Hills, Cuyama Valley, San 

 Luis Obispo County. 



5. Amsinckia Scovileri I. M. Johnston, Scouler's Fiddle-neck. Fig. 4332. 



Amsinckia lycopsoides of authors, not Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1831: 1 and 7. 1831. 

 Lithospermum lycopsoides Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 2: 28. 1830, and in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 89. 1840. 

 Amsinckia Scouleri I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 202. 1935. 



Stems Z-6 dm. long, decumbent, sparsely bristly. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, somewhat 

 denticulate, sparsely bristly, the bristles spreading, pustulate at base ; spike becoming elongated 

 and the fruiting calyces becoming distant; calyx-lobes oblong or ovate, obtuse, 2 or 3 of them 

 united together and then often notched at apex ; corolla yellow-orange, 3-5 mm. long, the throat 

 glabrous ; nutlets dark-colored, rugose. 



Seashore, in sand or near-by fields. Humid Transition Zone; Alaska south to Tillamook Bay, Oregon. Type 

 locality: "Straits of de Fuca, N.W. America." Collected by Scouler. May-July. 



6. Amsinckia spectabilis Fisch. & Mey. Seaside Amsinckia. Fig. 4333. 



Amsinckia spectabilis Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 2 and 26. 1836. 

 Amsinckia maritima Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: 110. 1898. 

 Amsinckia nigricans Brand, Rep. Spec. Nov. 20: 319. 1924. 



Stems erect, Z-6 dm. high, often branched at base, the branches spreading or decumbent, 

 sparsely hispid, the hairs spreading from pustulate bases. Leaves linear-lanceolate to broadly 

 lanceolate, bright green, rather sparsely appressed-hispid above, the hispid hairs on the under 

 surfaces pustulate at base; spikes at length loose, 8-10 cm. long; calyx-lobes 5, with 2 or 3 

 of them usually partly united, narrowly linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, hispid and pilose with 

 usually fulvous hairs; corolla orange-colored, usually 8-10 mm. long, the throat glabrous; 

 anthers unequally inserted in the throat, rugose, wrinkled and more or less reticulate, dark- 

 colored, barely 2 mm. long ; scar ovate, submedian. 



Sandy beaches and dunes along the seashore. Upper Sonoran and Humid Transition Zones; Tillamook Bay, 

 Oregon, to San Diego, California. Type locality: Bodega Bay, California. March-July. 



Amsinckia spectabilis var. nicolai (Jepson) I. M. Johnston ex Munz, Man. S. Calif. 423. 1935. {Am- 

 sinckia intermedia var. nicolai Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 844. 1925; A. st.-nicolai Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. 

 III. 1: 109. 1898.) Spikes bracted throughout. San Nicolas, San Miguel and San Clemente Islands, southern 

 California. Type locality: "seashore sands and dry cliffs at 1000 ft. elevation." 



Amsinckia spectabilis var. microcarpa (Greene) Jepson & Hoover in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 326. 1943. 



