MINT FAMILY 631 



ing. Corolla-tube narrow, not dilated at the throat, strongly 2-lipped ; upper lip erect, 

 concave, entire or emarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe broader than the 

 often deflexed lateral ones, sometimes 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under 

 the upper lip, the anterior pair the longer; anthers contiguous in pairs, the sacs divergent. 

 Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; style 2-cleft, the lobes subulate. Nutlets ovoid or oblong. [Name 

 Greek, meaning spike, in reference to the spicate inflorescence.] 



About 170 species of wide geographical distribution in the North Temperate Zone, a few in South America 

 and South Africa. Type species, Stachys gcrmanica L. 



Annual. 1- •^- arvensis. 



Perennial, usually with creeping rootstocks. 



Ring of hairs on inner surface of corolla-tube not indicated on the outer surface by a constriction (some- 

 times slightly so in S. Emcrsonii). 

 Ring of hairs within the corolla-tube horizontal and near the base of the tube; corolla reddish purple. 



2. S. bullata. 



Ring of hairs within the corolla-tube oblique or horizontal and near the middle of the tube. 

 Corolla reddish purple, the tube 15-25 mm. long. 



Calyx 11-15 mm. long; inflorescence densely villous-tomentose. 3. S. Chamissonis. 



Calyx 7-10 mm. long; inflorescence rather thinly pubescent or with few scattering hairs. 



4. 5'. ciliata. 



Corolla purplish, the lower lip mottled with white; rings of hairs within the corolla-tube sornetimes 

 indicated without by a slight constriction. 5. S. Emersonii. 



Ring of hairs on the inner surface of the corolla-tube indicated without by an oblique constriction of the 

 tube, this more pronounced and often slightly saccate on the anterior side. 

 Lower and upper leaves sessile, the middle on petioles 1-4 mm. long. 6. 5". palustris pilosa. 



Lower leaves petioled, the petioles becoming gradually shorter toward the apex of the stem. 

 Upper lip of corolla 2-2.5 mm. long. 7. S. striata. 



Upper lip of corolla 3-6 mm. long; corolla pale rose and mottled or whitish. 



Plants more or less pubescent with straight hairs, rarely tomentose in the inflorescence in 

 S. rigida. 

 Leaves oval or ovate, rounded or subcordate at base. 



Flower-verticils forming an interrupted spike; corolla pale rose-purple. 



8. 5". rigida. 



Flower-verticils crowded, forming a rather short densely flowered spike; flowers whit- 

 ish; herbage glandular-villous and strong-scented. 9. S. pycnantha. 

 Leaves oblong, narrowed at base, silky canescent with straight more or less appressed 

 hairs. 10. 5". ajugoides. 



Plants more or less densely arachnoid-pubescent with whitish cobwebby hairs. 



1 1 . i". albens. 



1. Stachys arvensis L. Field Woundwort. Fig. 4389. 



Stachys arvensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 814. 1763. 



Annual, hirsute; stems slender, diffusely branched, ascending or decumbent, 1-6 dm. long. 

 Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse at apex, cordate or rounded at base, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 

 crenate ; lower petioles about as long as the blades ; flowers in the upper axils and in short ter- 

 minal bracted spikes; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the teeth narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about as 

 long as the tube ; corolla purplish, 6-10 mm. long. 



Sparingly naturalized in Marin and Humboldt Counties, California. Native of Europe. March-April. 



2. Stachys bullata Benth. California Hedge Nettle. Fig. 4390. 



Stachys bullata Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 547. 1834. 

 Stachys calif ornica Benth. in A. DC. Prod. 12: 469. 1848. 

 Stachys acuminata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 7: 410. 1887. 



Perennial, the stems rather slender, simple from the base or branched, 4-8 dm. high, sparsely 

 retrorsely hispid on the angles, the sides sparsely pubescent or hirsute and more or less glandular 

 with sessile glands. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, subcordate at base, crenate-serrate, 3-15 cm. 

 long, the lowest with petioles 5-7 cm. long, more or less villous-hirsute or the veins villous-hispid ; 

 whorls 6-flowered, rather distinct; calyx villous-pubescent, campanulate-turbinate, 6-7 mm. lon.e, 

 the teeth triangular, cuspidate, spreading in age ; corolla purple, tube 8-10 mm. long, upper lip 

 3-5 mm., the lower 6-10 mm. long, with a horizontal ring of hairs at the base within ; filaments 

 villous below. 



Shaded slopes and canyons. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Coast Ranges from San Francisco County 

 to Orange County, also on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands, California. Type locality: probably in the 

 vicinity of Monterey. Collected by Douglas. March-Sept. 



3. Stachys Chamissonis Benth. Coast Hedge Nettle. Fig. 4391. 



Stachys Chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831. 

 Stachys flaccida Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 80. 1902. 



Perennial, the stem stout, simple or branched, 6-10 dm. high, retrorsely hispid with pustulate 

 bristles on the angles, more or less retrorsely pubescent or glabrate on the sides. Leaves ovate 

 to ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, cordate at base, acutish to sharply acute at apex, rather 

 coarsely crenate-serrate, densely to thinly appressed-pubescent on both surfaces ; petioles 2-6 cm. 

 long, retrorsely villous ; spikes 10-50 cm. long, flowers mostly 2-5 in a whorl with all but the 

 lowest pair of subtending leaves reduced to bracts; calyx 11-15 mm. long, densely villous-pubes- 



