638 MENTHACEAE 



2. Salvia carduacea Benth. Thistle Sage. Fig. 4404. 



Salvia carduacea Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 302. 1833. 



Annual, the whole plant white-woolly and thistle-like, the stems 1 to several, stout and scape- 

 like, 2-5 dm. high. Leaves several, basal, sinuate-pinnatifid, and spinulose-toothed, 3-30 cm. long ; 

 flowers in 1-4 dense head-like verticillate clusters, these 2-4 cm. broad, equaled or surpassed by 

 the lanceolate pectinate-toothed bracts; calyx densely long-woolly, 10-15 mm. high, the lobes 

 tipped with a long spine ; corolla lavender, 20-25 mm. long ; upper lip erose-denticulate and cleft ; 

 lower lip with a large fan-shaped middle lobe fimbriate on the margin ; filaments very short, the 

 lower arm of the long filiform anther-connective bearing a fertile anther-cell. 



Sandy and gravelly soils. Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; Contra Costa County, California, south to 

 northern Lower California and eastward to the western parts of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. Type locality: 

 "Hab. in California Douglas." In describing this strikingly different Salvia Bentham proposed a new section for 

 the genus which he called Echinosphace. March-June. 



3. Salvia Columbariae Benth. Chia. Fig. 4405. 



Salvia Columbariae Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 302. 1833. 

 Pycnosphace Columbariae Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 747, 1066. 1917. 



Annual, branching and leafy below, naked and peduncle-like above or with 1-4 leafy-bearing 

 nodes, 2-5 dm. high, more or less cinereous with short recurved hairs. Basal leaves 5-12 cm. 

 long, the petioles about as long as the blades, these 1-2-pinnatifid into toothed or incised irregular 

 divisions, cinereous-tomentose ; stem-leaves similar but reduced ; flowers in capitate verticils 

 1-3 cm. in diameter, terminating the stems and branches ; bracts suborbicular, awn-tipped, green 

 or often purplish, sparsely ciliate on the margins; calyx about 1 cm. long; upper lip arched, 

 tipped with 2 partly connate short-awned teeth; corolla blue, but little longer than the calyx; 

 upper lip small, emarginate; middle lobe of lower lip transversely oval and 2-lobed, its margin 

 not fimbriate. 



Plains and hillsides, usually in gravelly or sandy soils, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; North Coast 

 Ranges and Sacramento Valley, California, to central Lower California, southern Nevada, Arizona, and Sonora. 

 Type locality: "Hab. in California Douglas." March-July. Bentham, in his classical work on the mint family, 

 proposed a new section for this new California sage which he called Pycnosphace. March-July. 



X Salvia bemardina Parish ex Gieene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 211. 1885. (Salvia Columbariae var. bernar- 

 dina Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 869. 1925.) As pointed out by Asa Gray (Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 2i : 460. 

 1886) and Munz (Man. S. Calif. 444. 1935) these plants are probably natural hybrids between Salvia Colum- 

 bariae and S. mellifera. They flower as an annual, but some plants persist longer, the stems becoming lignescent; 

 leaves once-pinnatifid; upper lip of calyx with 3 spine-like teeth. 



These apparently natural hybrids are found mainly in the San Bernardino Valley, southern California, and 

 occur where the two supposed parents grow together. If future genetic studies bear out the conclusions of field 

 observation, these hybrids offer one of the strongest arguments for uniting Bentham's genus Audtbertta with the 

 genus Salvia. 



4. Salvia funerea M. E. Jones. Death Valley Sage. Fig. 4406. 



Salvia funerea M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 12: 71. 1908. 

 Salvia funerea var. fornacis Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 868. 1925. 



Low densely branched shrub, 5-8 dm. high, older branches whitish with flaky bark, the young 

 densely white-tomentose with short multibranched hairs. Leaves rather crowded, especially at 

 the base of the branchlets, thick and leathery, lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, acuminate 

 and spine-tipped, entire or with 1-2 pairs of lateral spine-like teeth, narrowed to a short broad 

 petiole, densely white-tomentose; bracts similar to the leaves but broadly ovate and with 2-3 

 pairs of lateral spine-like teeth, prominently veined and densely white-tomentose on both sur- 

 faces ; flowers usually 1-2 in each axil, forming interrupted leafy-bracted spikes ; calyx densely 

 white-woolly, cylindric, 4-6 mm. long, the teeth short; corolla violet, 12-16 mm. long; middle 

 lobe of the lower lip rounded, about 3 mm. broad, erosulate, the lateral lobes a little over 1 mm. 

 long; upper lip 2.5 mm. long. 



Rocky cliffs. Lower Sonoran Zone; canyons of the Funeral Mountains, Death Valley, Inyo County, Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: Funeral Mountains, California. March-May. 



5. Salvia Greatai Brandg. Orocopia Sage. Fig. 4407. 



Salvia Greatai Brandg. Zoe 5: 229. 1906. 



Low much-branched shrub, 1-1.5 m. high, the bark of older branches light-colored and flaky; 

 young twigs tomentose with branched hairs. Leaves thick and leathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 

 pinnatifid-toothed, with 2-3 pairs of prominent divaricate spine-like teeth, attenuate at apex 

 into a prominent spine, those at the base of the branchlets few, smaller and narrower, light gray- 

 green, prominently veined, rather thinly tomentose with short branched hairs; flower-verticils 

 6-10-flowered, usually 4-5, about 4 cm. apart forming an interrupted spike, subtended by a pair 

 of foliaceous bracts resembling the leaves and a number of smaller inner ones ; calyx tomentose, 

 about 8 mm. long ; upper lip tipped with a spine with 2 smaller spines near its base representmg 

 lobes, the lower lip parted into 2 linear-lanceolate spinulose-awned lobes; corolla about 15 mm. 

 long, pale lavender, its upper lip 3 mm. long, 2-lobed, the lower lip slightly longer, 3-lobed, its 

 middle lobe irregularly fimbriate ; lower arm of the anther-connective half as long as the upper, 

 bearing an anther-cell at its tip. 



Desert washes, Lower Sonoran Zone; a very local species known only from the vicinity of Dos Palmos, in 

 the Orocopia Mountains, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California. Type locality: Salt Creek Wash, near 

 Dos Palmas, California. April. 



