668 SOLANACEAE 



or purple, short-tubular, teeth 5, short. Stamens 5, inserted near base of corolla-tube, 

 equaling the corolla or slightly exserted, unequal; anthers oval. Style equaling the 

 larger stamens ; stigma capitate, faintly bilobed. Capsule globose, membranous, 2-valved. 

 Seeds orbicular, flattened, favose-pitted laterally, bearing a radiately ribbed membranous 

 marginal wing. [Name Greek, meaning digger, applied because plant occurs in area 

 occupied by Digger Indians.] 



A monotypic genus from southern Idaho to Owens Valley, California. 



1. Oryctes nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Oryctes. Fig. 4473. 



Oryctes nevadensis S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 274. pi. 28. figs. 5-10. 1871. 



Stems few from the base, 5-20 cm. tall, the herbage coarsely puberulent and somewhat 

 scurfy. Leaf-blades linear to ovate or obovate, 1-3 cm. long, the margins subentire to undulate, 

 gradually narrowing to petioles 0.5-1 cm. long; umbels 2-6-flowered; calyx lobed nearly to 

 base, the lance-triangular lobes 2-3 mm. long in flower, 5-7 mm. long in fruit ; corolla 5-6 mm. 

 long,' the rounded teeth erect, 0.4-0.6 mm. long; capsules 6-7 mm. in diameter; seeds tawny, the 

 body 2 mm. in diameter, with papery wings one-fourth as wide. 



Sandy flats and low hills, Sonoran Zones; Inyo County, California, northeast to Nevada and southern 

 Idaho. Type locality: near the Big Bend of the Truckee River, Nevada. May-June. 



3. HYOSCYAMUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753. 



Erect viscid-pubescent narcotic annual or biennial herbs with alternate ample leaves 

 and showy flowers in terminal racemes or spikes and solitary in the lower axils. Calyx 

 campanulate or urceolate, 5-toothed, enlarging and enclosing the fruit. Corolla funnel- 

 form, with an oblique, 5-lobed, slightly irregular spreading limb. Starnens mostly 

 slightly exserted; filaments filiform; anthers ovoid. Stigma capitate. Fruit a 2-celled 

 capsule, circumscissile near the apex. [Name Greek, meaning hog-bean.] 



A genus of about IS species mainly from, the Mediterranean region. Type species, Hyoscyamus niger L. 



1. Hyoscyamus niger L. Black Henbane. Fig. 4474. 



Hyoscyamus niger L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753. 



Annual, or oftener biennial, strong-scented viscid-villous coarse herb to 1 m. tall. Leaves 

 sessile, 5-20 cm. long, oblong to lanceolate in outline, irregularly pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, 

 the lobes acute; flowers sessile or short-pediceled ; calyx campanulate, 8-12 mm. long in flower, 

 to 2.5 cm. long in fruit, the deltoid lobes about half as long as the tube; corolla 2-Z cm. long, 

 the limb nearly as broad, greenish yellow with purplish center and conspicuously reticulated 

 veins; filaments villous, anthers purple; capsule ovoid, 8-15 mm. long; seeds about 1.5 mm. 

 long, dark brown, pitted. 



An introduced weed well established in Okanogan and Whitman Counties, Washington. Also in the Great 

 Lakes region and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Type locality: Europe. June-Sept. 



4. CHAMAESARACHA a. Gray. Bot. Calif. 1 : 540. 1876. 



Low perennial herbs with entire to pinnatifid leaves tapering to narrowly margined 

 petioles. Flowers solitary or 2-5 in axillary fascicles. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed or 

 -lobed, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla rotate, white or cream, faintly suffused with 

 purple, more or less tomentose in the throat. Stamens inserted near base of corolla, 

 about equaling the plicate corolla-limb; anthers oblong. Stigmas obscurely 2-lobed. 

 Berries on recurved pedicels, globose. Seeds flattened, reniform, finely rugose- favose. 

 [Name derived from the Greek word meaning ground, and the genus Saracha, named 

 in honor of Isidore Saracha, a Spanish botanist.] 



A genus of about 8 to 10 species from the western United States to Colombia, South America. Type 

 species, Solanum Coronopus Dunal. 



Represented by a single species in our area. 



1. Chamaesaracha nana A. Gray. Dwarf Chamaesaracha. Fig. 4475. 



Saracha nana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 62. 1875. 

 Chamaesaracha nana A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:540. 187b. 



Erect simple or slightly branched perennial, 5-25 cm. tall, from a tough, slender rootstock, 

 herbage scaberulous-pubescent. Leaves ovate, 1-2.5 cm. wide, 2-5 cm. long, abruptly tapering 

 to a narrowly winged petiole about half as long, the base of the blade often asymmetrical ; 

 peduncle usually shorter than the petiole; calyx-tube 3-4 mm. deep, the lobes 2-3 mm. long, 

 triangular; corolla white with 5 basal greenish spots, strongly pubescent in the throat, 1.5-2 cm. 

 broad; fruit dull white or yellowish, spherical, 8-12 mm. in diameter, surrounded by the en- 

 larged calyx, the teeth of the latter subulate or triangular; seeds orbicular, flattened, 1.5-2 mm. 

 in diameter, yellowish, favose-reticulate. 



In sandy soil. Arid Transition Zone; Deschutes County, Oregon to Siskiyou C^Dunty, California, and 

 thence to Sierra County on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and to western Nevada and Mono County 

 on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. Type locality: Sierra Nevada, California. Mny-Jnly. 



