POTATO FAMILY 669 



5. PHYSALIS L. Sp. PI. 183. 1753. 



Annual or perennial herbs with entire to sinuate-dentate leaves. Flowers solitary or 

 less commonly in 2-5-flowered axillary clusters. Calyx campanulate to tubular-campanu- 

 late, 5-toothed, enlarged and inflated in fruit, 5-10-angled, 10-ribbed, reticulate-vemed, 

 enclosing the berry. Corolla obscurely 5-lobed, openly campanulate to campanulate- 

 rotate, plicate in bud, yellow, whitish, or purplish, the center often of a different or 

 deeper shade. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers oval or 

 oblong, dehiscing longitudinally. Style slender; stigma faintly bilobed. Fruit a many- 

 seeded berry. Seeds numerous, flattened, reniform, finely pitted. [Name Greek, mean- 

 ing bladder, and referring to the inflated fruiting calyx.] 



A genus of 90 to 100 species, most of which occur in North and South Atnerica, only two species in 

 Europe, and six or eight in India and Australia. Type species. Physalis Alkekengi L. 



Plants annual; anthers usually tinged with blue, green or purple, rarely clear yellow. 



Pedicels shorter than the fruiting calyces; anthers mostly broadly ovate or elliptic and less than twice as 

 broad as long at dehiscence. 

 Herbage subglabrous, or sometimes sparsely pubescent on buds and youngest leaves; corolla 10-15 



mm. wide; fruiting calyces 1-1.5 cm. long. 1. P. txocarpa. 



Herbage distinctly pubescent, at least on stems, pedicels, and petioles, the leaf-blades sometimes sub- 

 glabrous; corolla 4-10 mm. wide; fruiting calyces mostly 2-3 cm. long. 

 Stems slender, diffusely spreading, sharply angled; fruiting calyces membranaceous; leaves thin, 



subentire or weakly sinuate-dentate, obtuse at the apex. 2. P. pubcscens. 



Stems stout, erect or ascendingly branched, obtusely angled; fruiting calyces firmly chartaceous; 

 leaves thick, strongly sinuate-dentate, acute. 

 Leaves subcordate or entire and scarcely oblique at the base; fruiting calyx deeply sunken at 



the base; pubescence fine and short. 3. P. neomextcana. 



Leaves cordate and strongly oblique at the base; fruiting calyx shallowly sunken at the base; 

 pubescence villous. 4. P. prutnosa. 



Pedicels exceeding the fruiting calyces; anthers linear or oblong-elliptic, two or four times as long as 

 broad at dehiscence. 

 Plants subglabrous; anthers tinged with purple, green or blue. 



Corolla 12-20 mm. in diameter, the limb rotate, whitish with a yellow center; anthers 3-4.5 mm. 



long; fruiting calyx-lobes narrowly deltoid, acuminate. 5. P. Wrightu. 



Corolla S-6 mm. in diameter, subcarapanulate, yellow; anthers 1.5-2.5 mm. long; fruiting calyx- 

 lobes broadly deltoid, acute. 6. P. tancetfoha. 



Plants distinctly short-villous, somewhat viscid-glandular; anthers clear yellow. 



7. P. Greenet. 

 Plants perennial; anthers clear yellow, rarely tinged with blue, green or purple. 



Leaf-blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, at least the upper ones 2-4 times as long as broad, cuneate 

 at the base; plant glabrous or nearly so. 

 Corolla yellow with a brownish center; pubescence, when present, of long, stiff hairs; fruiting calyx 



not sunken at the base. 8. P. lanceolata. 



Corolla yellow with a purplish center; pubescence, when present, of short, curved hairs; fruiting calyx 

 deeply sunken at the base. 9. P. subglabrata. 



Leaf -blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, about as broad as long, the base rounded, truncate or subcordate; 

 plant distinctly and often densely pubescent. 

 Pubescence of simple hairs; calyx-lobes broadly deltoid, shorter than the tube at anthesis. 



Foliage green; calyx-lobes one-fourth to one-half as long as the tube. 



10. P. crasstfoha. 



Foliage somewhat canescent; calyx-lobes two-thirds to four-fifths as long as the tube. 



11. F. hederaefolta. 



Pubescence of stellate or branched hairs; calyx-lobes narrowly deltoid, equaling or exceeding the tube 

 at anthesis. 12. P. Fendleri cordtfolta. 



1. Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Tomatillo. Fig. 4476. 



Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 26. 1819. 

 Physalis aequata Jacq. f. ex Nees, Linnaea 6: 470. 1831. 



Erect to spreading annual 3-10 dm. high ; glabrous, or the young leaves and calyces sparsely 

 puberulent. Stems slender, spreading and diffusely branched, sharply angled; petioles 1.5- 

 3.5 cm. long; leaf -blades ovate to elliptic, shallowly sinuate-dentate, 1-3.5 cm. wide, 2-6 cm. 

 long, the base cuneate and somewhat asymmetrical, the apex acute to short-acuminate; pedi- 

 cels 3-4 mm. long in flower, about 5-10 mm. long in fruit, shorter than the fruiting calyx; calyx 

 campanulate, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, 3^.5 mm. long, the deltoid lobes shorter than 

 the tube at anthesis; corolla 10-15 mm. in diameter, bright yellow with purple center; anthers 

 tinged with green or purple; fruiting calyx ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, obscurely 10-angled, sparsely 

 villous or glabrous; berry purple. 



Cultivated for its fruit and often escaping; established at numerous places from Marin County southward 

 and across the continent to the Atlantic States. Typd locality: Mexico. June-Sept. 



2. Physalis pubescens L. Low Hairy Ground-cherry. Fig. 4477. 



Physalis pubescens L. Sp. PI. 183. 1753. 



Physalis ramosa Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. no. 9. 1768. 



Alkekengi procumbcns Moench, Meth. 2: 473. 1794. 



FfcyjaKj/uVjufoDunal ex A. DC. Prod. 131; 445. 1852. Not P. fetV.fufa Mart. & Gal. 1845. 



A slender, diffusely branching annual, pubescent throughout with spreading hairs, somewhat 

 glandular. Petioles 6-25 mm. long; leaves 1.5-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, broadly ovate, rounded 



