672 SOLANACEAE 



12. Physalis Fendleri var. cordifolia A. Gray. Fendler's Ground-cherry. 



Fig. 4487. 



Physalis Fendleri var. cordifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 395. 1878. 



Compact perennial 2-4 dm. high from a deep-seated rootstock, with ascending, slightly 

 striate branches and puberulent throughout with fine, forked and several-rayed, branching 

 hairs. Petioles 6-25 mm. long, narrowly winged ; leaves cordate-ovate, 2-5 cm. long, green to 

 cinereous, sinuate ; pedicels slender, 4-10 mm. long at anthesis, 10-20 mm. long in fruit ; calyx 

 campanulate, 5-7 mm. high, the lobes narrowly deltoid, about equaling or slightly exceeding 

 the tube at anthesis ; corolla campanulate-subrotate, 8-10 mm. in diameter, greenish yellow 

 with brownish center ; anthers 3 mm. long, yellow ; fruiting calyx narrowly ovoid, 2-3 cm. 

 long, obscurely angled; berry yellow. 



Arid sandy regions, Sonoran Zones; Providence and New York Mountains, eastward to Utah, Colorado and 

 New Mexico. Type locality: St. George, Utah. May-Aug. 



6. SALPICHROA Miers. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 321. 1845. 



Herbaceous or suffrutescent perennial with slender stems and long-petiolate, entire 

 leaves. Flowers perfect, white or yellow, solitary in the axils. Calyx 5-toothed, the 

 lobes exceeding the shallow tube. Corolla tubular or (in ours) urceolate, 5-lobed, with 

 a pubescent band about the middle inside. Stamens 5, inserted about the middle of the 

 corolla-tube ; filaments slender ; anthers oblong, converging around the style, dehiscing 

 longitudinally. Disk fleshy. Ovary 2-celled, many-ovuled; style filiform; stigma bi- 

 lobed or entire. Fruit an ovoid, oblong, or obovoid berry. Seeds orbicular, strongly 

 compressed. Embryo subperipheral, strongly curved. Endosperm present but scanty. 

 [Name Greek, meaning tube and color.] 



A genus of about 20 species in the Andes and extratropical regions of South America. Type species, Atropa 

 glandulosa Hook. 



1. Salpichroa rhomboidea (Gill. & Hook.) Miers. Lily-of-the-valley Vine. 



Fig. 4488. 



Atropa rhomboidea Gill. & Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 135. pi. 37. 1830. 

 Salpichroa rhomboidea Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 326. 1845. 

 Salpichroma rhomboidea Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 7: 333. 1848. 



A scrambling herb with several slender, flexuous branches 5 dm. or more long from a 



woody rootstock. Stems and herbage sparsely hirsutulous with coarse, white hairs ; leaves 



broadly elliptic to ovate, 7-20 mm. wide, 1-3 cm. long, acute at the apex, obtuse and often 



oblique at the base, entire, on petioles one-half to two-thirds as long as the blade ; pedicels 



4-6 mm. long ; sepals lance-linear, 2-3 mm. long, nearly distinct ; corolla white, fleshy, 6-7 mm. 



long, urceolate, the lobes broadly ovate, spreading, 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers barely exserted; 



style slender, 5-7 mm. long; berry oblong or obovoid, 10-12 mm. long, yellowish or whitish; 



seeds about 2 mm. in diameter. 



Escaped from cultivation and established as a weed at numerous localities from the upper Sacramento Valley 

 to San Diego. Native to South America. Type locality : Buenos Aires, Argentina. June-Oct. 



7. SOLANUM L. Sp. PI. 184. 1753. 



Herbs or shrubs with glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose stems and foliage, some- 

 times climbing and sometimes armed with stiff prickles or spines. Leaves simple, entire 

 or lobed or parted. Flowers white, blue, purple, or yellow, in cymes, umbels, panicles, 

 or racemes. Calyx campanulate or rotate, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, sometimes enlarging in 

 fruit. Corolla rotate, 5-angled or 5-lobed. the tube very short, the limb plaited in bud. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, acute to acumi- 

 nate, connivent around the style, dehiscent by a terminal pore, a short introrse subter- 

 minal slit, or longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma small, capitate or obscurely bilobed. 

 Fruit usually a globose berry, fleshy or leathery. Seeds numerous, more or less flattened, 

 the embryo annular. [Name said to be from solamen, quieting, owing to the narcotic 

 effects of some species.] 



A genus of about 1200 species widely distributed on all continents but especially well-represented in tropical 

 and subtropical America. Type species, Solarium nigrum L. 



Stems unarmed; pubescence of simple or forked hairs, or plants glabrous. 



Plants annual; corollas small, 5-8 mm. in diameter (except in i". furcatum, in this 12-18 mm. in diameter). 



Berries black or deep purple at maturity; leaves glabrous or essentially so; stems mainly erect or 

 ascending. 



Corollas 5-8 mm. in diameter; anthers 1.2-2.4 mm. long; granules in fruit 1-6 or lacking, 

 scattered. 



Sepals closely appressed to the fruit; anthers 1.8-2.4 mm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as the 

 filaments. 1. S. nigrum. 



Sepals more or less reflexed in fruit; anthers 1-1.2 mm. long, nearly or quite equaled by the 

 filaments. 2. 5. nodiflorum. 



Corollas 12-18 mm. in diameter; anthers 3-3.5 mm. long; granules mostly in a ring near the base 

 of fruit, 8-lS or more. 3. 5". furcatum. 



