POTATO FAMILY 673 



Berries greenish or yellow at maturity; leaves short-pubescent or villous-glandular; stems often pros- 

 trate or decumbent. 

 Leaves entire or coarsely dentate; herbage villous-glandular; calyx enlarging and partially enclosing 



the fruit; berry yellowish. 4. 6'. sarrachoides. 



Leaves deeply lobed or pinnatifid; herbage short-pubescent; calyx not enlarging nor enclosing the 

 fruit; berry greenish. S. 6". triflorum. 



Plants perennial; corollas mostly 1.5 cm. or more in diameter. 

 Berries yellow or reddish; leaves often hastate or pinnatifid. 



Anthers connivent; corollas deeply lobed; berries bright red, 8-12 mm. in diameter; plants more or 



less climbing. 6. .S". Dulcamara. 



Anthers spreading; corollas shallowly lobed; berries yellow or greenish yellow, 15-20 mm. in 

 diameter; shrub to 3.5 m. tall. 7. S. aviculare. 



Berries black, purplish, whitish, or greenish (yellow in S. Clokeyi); leaves usually not pinnatifid nor 

 strongly hastate (if weakly hastate then the fruit smaller than that in the 2 species above). 

 Corollas white, deeply lobed. 8. S. Douglasii. 



Corollas purple, bluish, or lavender, shallowly lobed. 



Stems glabrous or essentially so; leaves glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulent with 

 short, simple hairs. 

 Filaments glabrous; leaves acute or weakly hastate at the base; pedicels usually exceed- 

 ing the peduncles. 

 Leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide, often hastate with linear lobes 2-5 mm. long, finely 

 puberulent on both sides. 9. S. tcnuilobatum. 



Leaf-blades ovate-elliptic, 5-25 mm. wide, acute or tapering at both ends, not hastate, 

 glabrous. 10. S. Parishii. 



Filaments glandular-villous on the inner surface; leaves subtruncate to subcordate at the 

 base; pedicels usually shorter than the peduncles. 11a. S. Xantii Hoffmanii. 

 Stems distinctly pubescent, often densely so; leaves mostly puberulent to tomentulose, at least 

 beneath. 

 Pubescence on stems of unbranched simple hairs, some of them gland-tipped. 



Berry 6-8 mm. in diameter, greenish; hairs on stems usually less than 1 mm. long. 



11. 5. Xantii. 



Berry 10-25 mm. in diameter, purple or yellow; longer hairs on stems usually 

 2-3 mm. long. 12. S. Wallacei. 



Pubescence on stems containing at least some forked or branched hairs, glands rarely 

 present. 13. S. umbelliferum. 



Stems armed with stiff spines; pubescence on leaves chiefly or wholly stellate. 



Plants annual; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; calyx very prickly, wholly or partially enclosing the berry. 



Leaves pinnatifid, the lobes acute; spines coarse, distinctly flattened; anthers equal. 



14. 5". sisymbriifolium. 



Leaves irregularly bipinnatifid, the lobes rounded; spines finer, subulate; lowermost anther longer than 

 other four. 15. S. rostrata. 



Plants perennial; leaves entire, sinuate, or lobed but not pinnatifid; calyx sparingly spiny or unarmed, not 

 enclosing the berry. 



Leaves entire to repand-dentate, linear to lanceolate; herbage silvery-canescent throughout. 



16. 5". elaeagnifolium. 



Leaves lobed or some of them obscurely pinnatifid; herbage not silvery-canescent, at least not on upper 

 surface of older leaves. 

 Fruit 3-4 cm. in diameter; leaves persistently stellate-tomentose beneath, with a whitish, irregular 

 band of tomentum along margins above. 17. 5". marginatum. 



Fruit 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter; leaves stellate-pubescent but not tomentose, without marginal band 

 above. 18. S. carolinense. 



1, Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade. Fig. 4489. 



Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 186. 1753. 



Annual herb 3-8 dm. high, with ascending or erect stems and glabrous or subglabrous 

 herbage. Leaves ovate, 1 . 5-4 cm. wide, 3-8 cm. long, entire or irregularly and coarsely angu- 

 late-dentate, tapering to and decurrent on the petiole, this to 5 cm. long; peduncles 1-2.5 cm. 

 long, about 3-8-flowered ; flowers racemosely arranged ; pedicels slender, 3-8 mm. long in 

 flower, about 1 cm. long in fruit; calyx broadly and shallowly campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. long 

 at anthesis, the lobes broadly deltoid, about 0.5 mm. long, to 2 mm. long in fruit; corolla white, 

 with minute yellow spots near the base, 5-6 mm. in diameter, the lobes 1-2 mm. long ; filaments 

 sparsely hairy, 0.8-1 mm. long; anthers 1.8-2.4 mm. long; fruit globose, black, glossy, 6-9 mm. 

 in diameter; seeds 20-40, pale yellow, about 1.6 mm. broad, 1.8-2 mm. long, minutely reticu- 

 late-pitted ; granules few or none. 



Sparingly adventive in sandy soil of waysides and waste places. Transition Zones; western and central 

 Oregon. Most of the material distributed under this name by American collectors is S. nodiflorum. Type locality: 

 Europe. Feb.-Oct. 



2. Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. Small-flowered Nightshade. Fig. 4490. 



Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 2: 288. pi. 326. 1786-93. 

 Solanum nigrum of western authors, not L. 



Annual with spreading-ascending branches to 6 dm. long, glabrous or sparsely scabrous on 

 angles of the stems. Leaves ovate to elliptic, 0.5-3.5 cm. wide, to 12 cm. long, acute, entire 

 or sparingly sinuately toothed, cuneate to truncate at the base ; peduncles slender, usually longer 

 than the pedicels, these 5-12 mm. long at anthesis; sepals spreading to reflexed in fruit, 

 1-2.5 mm. long; corollas white or faintly tinged with purple, 4-6 mm. across, the lobes broadly 

 lance-ovate, about 2 mm. long, sparsely puberulent outside toward the tip; anthers 1.2-1.4 mm. 

 long, on hairy filaments 0.8-1 mm. long; berry globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, black or purple- 



