676 SOLANACEAE 



black, glabrous ; seeds about 40-60, pale cream, about 1 . 5 mm. in diameter, minutely granulosa 

 with low, rounded tubercles; granules in the fruit few, Z-6 or wanting. 



In waste ground and margins of fields, usually in shaded or moist soil, mainly Upper Sonoran and Transi- 

 tion Zones; Oregon to southern California and widely distributed as a weed in the United States. Native of 

 Europe. April-Dec. 



3. Solanum furcatum Dunal. Forked Nightshade. Fig. 4491. 



Solanum furcatum Dunal in Lam. Encycl. 11: 750. 1813. 



Erect or ascending annual herb about 1 m. or less high with glabrous or very sparsely 

 pubescent angulate stems, the angles very narrowly winged and bearing a few conical-based, 

 simple, antrorse hairs. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-A.S cm. wide, 4-8 cm. long, shallowly 

 and broadly sinuate-toothed or subentire or sometimes angulate-dentate, acute to slightly acu- 

 minate at the apex, slightly decurrent on the petiole, glabrous or with a few scattered, simple 

 hairs along the veins beneath; petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles slender, 1.5^ cm. long, usually 

 dichotomously forked near the apex, several-flowered, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with 

 simple, mostly antrorse hairs ; pedicels slender, 6-10 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent ; 

 calyx campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. deep, the narrowly deltoid lobes about equaling the tube; corollas 

 10-18 mm. in diameter, white or faintly tinged with lavender, puberulent without; anthers 

 3-3.4 mm. long, on filaments 1-1.5 mm. long; berries globose, black or dark purple, 5-6 mm. 

 in diameter, containing 10-15 or more hard globose to reniform granules arranged in an uneven 

 ring near the base of the fruit; seeds about 40, about 1.4 mm. wide, 1.8 mm. long, pale yellow, 

 reticulate-pitted. 



Streamsides, fields, and in brushy areas, mainly Humid Transition Zone; adventive from western Oregon 

 to San Mateo County, California. This species has been confused with S. Douglasii. Type locality: Peru. 

 May-Oct. 



4. Solanum sarrachoides Sendt. Hairy Nightshade. Fig. 4492. 



Solatium sarrachoides Sendt. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 10: 18. pi. 1, figs. 9-12. 1846. 

 Solanum villosum of west American authors, not L. 



Annual with decumbent or ascending stems 1-5 dm. long, with viscid, villous herbage. 



Leaves ovate, 1-3 or sometimes 4 cm. wide, 2.5-7 cm. long, gradually to abruptly narrowing 



at the base and somewhat decurrent on the petiole, sinuately toothed, acute to obtuse at the 



apex ; peduncles usually longer than the pedicels, 5-10 rarely to 20 mm. long ; pedicels 3-5 mm. 



long at anthesis ; calyx 2-2.5 rrtm. long, villous at anthesis, enlarging, becoming somewhat 



papery and partially enclosing the berry at maturity; corolla white, 3-5 mm. in diameter, the 



narrowly triangular lobes villous outside near the tips; anthers 2-2.5 mm. long; berry globose, 



6-7 mm. in diameter, yellow or yellowish brown; seed light buff or yellowish, 2-2.5 mm. long, 



minutely tessellated in concentric lines. 



Cultivated fields and neglected areas. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; British Columbia and Idaho to 

 southern California and Nevada. Native of Brazil. Type locality: Brazil. May-Oct. 



5. Solatium triflorum Nutt. Cutleaf Nightshade. Fig. 4493. 



Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1: 128. 1818. 



Annual with prostrate to decumbent branches 1-4 dm. long, the herbage sparsely scaberu- 

 lous-pubescent. Leaves elliptic to ovate in outline, pinnatifid, or deeply lobed, 1-2 cm. wide, 

 to 4 cm. long, on petioles 1-1.5 cm. long, the lobes narrowly oblong-triangular, spreading, 

 acute; peduncles stoutish, 5-15 mm. long, 1-6-flowered ; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx 2.5-3 mm. 

 long, the lobes lance-ovate; corolla 6-8 (rarely to 10) mm. broad, white, sometimes tinged with 

 green, the lobes ovate-attenuate, minutely puberulent outside and on the margins near the 

 tip ; anthers 3 mm. long ; berry globose, 6-10 mm. in diameter, greenish at maturity ; seeds 

 numerous, pale, 2.5-2.8 mm. in diameter, microscopically tessellate. 



Dry, sandy soil, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade 

 Mountains, to Alberta, North Dakota, Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, and in California from Modoc County 

 to Mono County, east of the Sierra Nevada. Introduced near Claremont, Los Angeles County, California. Type 

 locality: "Near Fort Mandan" (North Dakota?). May-Aug. 



6. Solatium Dulcamara L. CHmbing Nightshade. Fig. 4494. 



Solanum Dulcamara L. Sp. PI. 185. 1753. 



Perennial straggling or climbing vine, woody below with branches to 3 m. long, sparsely 

 puberulent with simple hairs or glabrate. Petioles slender, 1-4 cm. long ; leaves ovate to hastate 

 in outline, 2-7 cm. wide, 5-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate at apex, rarely entire, often with one 

 lobe on one side near the base, or frequently deeply 3-lobed, the basal lobes broadly elliptic and 

 much smaller than the terminal one ; flowers in compound lateral cymes, drooping ; pedicels 

 about 1 cm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. deep; corolla deeply 5-cleft, 12-16 mm. wide, blue, the lobes 

 triangular-lanceolate ; anthers about 5 mm. long, connivent ; berry oval to globose, bright red, 

 8-12 mm. long; seeds light, nearly orbicular, 1.8-2 mm. in diameter, minutely tessellated with 

 low, rounded bosses. 



Escaped from cultivation in waste places and moist, shaded spots; Washington and Idaho to northern Cali- 

 fornia and Nevada and at scattered localities from Minnesota and Kansas to Nova Scotia. Type locality: Europe. 

 May-Sept. 



