POTATO FAMILY 677 



7. Solanum aviculare Forst. f. Poporo. Fig. 4495. 



Solanum aviculare Forst. f. Prod. 18. 1786. 

 Solanum taciniatum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 247. 1789. 



A leafy, unarmed shrub 1-3.5 m. tall with wholly glabrous stems and herbage, raised lines 

 often decurrent on the stems below the margins of the petioles. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate or 

 linear-lanceolate and entire to irrgularly pinnatifid with 1-3 spreading lanceolate, acute lobes 

 on each side, dark green and rather thin, to 20 cm. long, the lobes (or leaf if simple) 0.5-3 cm. 

 broad, the veins often purplish or brownish; cymes 3-8-flowered, the peduncles 1-3 cm. long, 

 the whole cyme 5-15 cm. long; pedicels slender, 1.5-2 cm. long at anthesis, nearly twice as long 

 in fruit, thickened near the apex ; calyx campanulate, 5-6 mm. long, the lobes ovate, apiculate, 

 1.5-2 mm. long at anthesis, 3-4 mm. long in fruit; corolla 3-3.5 cm. broad, shallowly and 

 broadly lobed, purplish; anthers about 4 mm. long, on slender, glabrous filaments as long, 

 spreading; berry subglobose to ovoid, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, to 2.5 cm. long, yellowish or 

 greenish yellow; seeds numerous, 2-2.2 mm. long, reticulate with rounded ridges nearly as 

 wide as the intervening spaces. 



Introduced from New Zealand and sparingly established at various localities in the Coast Range from the 

 San Francisco Bay region to Humboldt County, California. Type locality: New Zealand. June-Oct. 



8. Solanum Douglasii Dunal. Douglas' Nightshade, Fig. 4496. 



Solatium Douglasii Dunal in A. DC. Prod. 13^: 48. 1852. 



Solanum umbelliferum var. trachycladum Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 17. 1856. 



Solanum nigrum var. Douglasii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 2^: 228. 1886. 



A herbaceous to shrubby perennial 0.6-2 m. tall, with angled or very narrowly winged 

 stems and puberulent to subglabrate herbage, the angles of the stems roughened by the heavy, 

 conical bases of simple, antrorse hairs. Leaves ovate, 1-6 cm. wide, 2-10 cm. long, coarsely 

 sinuate-dentate, acute to short-acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate at the base, sparsely puberu- 

 lent but green on both faces; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, slightly winged above; peduncles 1-3 cm. 

 long, several-flowered; pedicels slender, 5-12 mm. long; calyx 2-3 mm. long at anthesis, the 

 lobes lance-oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla white with greenish basal spots, the lobes lance- 

 oblong, 6-9 mm. long, acute; anthers about 3 mm. long, nearly 3 times as long as the villous 

 filaments; berry black, 6-9 mm. in diameter; seeds pale yellow, about 1.5 mm. long, minutely 

 reticulate-pitted. 



On partly shaded slopes, canyons, and streamsides, chiefly Upper Sonoran Zone; Channel Islands and Coast 

 Ranges of California from San Mateo County southward, east to Arizona and south in Mexico to Tamaulipas, 

 Federal District, and southern Lower California. Type locality: California. Jan.-Dec. 



9. Solanum tenuilobatum Parish. Narrow-leaved Nightshade. Fig. 4497. 



Solanum tenuilobatum Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 165. 1901. 



Slenderly branched, sufTrutescent plant 3-10 dm. tall, with barely ridged and slightly angled 

 stems, these glabrous or sparsely and minutely pubescent on the angles of young branches 

 with short, simple, antrorse, somewhat conical hairs. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, 

 2-4 mm. wide, 1.5-3 cm. long, at least some with a pair of linear, spreading basal lobes 2-5 mm. 

 long, puberulent on both surfaces with small hairs similar to those on the stems ; umbels few- 

 flowered, the peduncles usually shorter than the 1-1.5 cm. long slender pedicels; calyx broadly 

 campanulate, 3-5 mm. wide, the lobes broadly deltoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, often purplish, glabrous; 

 corolla blue with 2 greenish spots at the base of each lobe, 1 .2-1.5 cm. broad, the lobes broadly 

 deltoid; anthers yellow, 4-5 mm. long; fruit 6-7 mm. in diameter, glabrous. 



In open or shaded places in chaparral and along margins of fields. Upper Sonoran Zone; southern and 

 eastern San Diego County southward into northern Lower California. Type locality: "Lower California (prob- 

 ably near Ensenada)." March-April. 



10. Solanum Parishii Heller. Parish's Nightshade. Fig. 4498. 



Solanum Xantii var. glabrescens Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 169, in part. 1901. 

 Solanum Parishii Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 133. 1906. 



Erect or ascending suflfrutescent plant to 1 m. tall, with slender, slightly angled, striate 

 stems and glabrous or subglabrous herbage, a few small, antrorse hairs sometimes on the 

 margins and along the veins of the leaves and on young twigs. Leaves lance-ovate to elliptic, 

 6-25 mm. broad, 2-6.5 cm. long, usually acute at each end, entire or infrequently hastately lobed 

 at the base; petioles about 1 cm. long; peduncles 2-10 mm. long, few-flowered; pedicels slender, 

 equaling to three times as long as the peduncles ; calyx 4-5 mm. high, the deltoid to oblong lobes 

 about equaling the tube; corolla lavender, 15-18 mm. in diameter, minutely puberulent near the 

 tips of the broad, short lobes without ; anthers yellow, about 4 mm. long ; filaments glabrous ; 

 berries globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter; seeds ellipsoid, strongly flattened, about 1.5 mm. wide, 

 2 mm. long, reticulate-granular, especially near the margins, pale brown or yellowish, gelatinous 

 when wetted. 



On grassy slopes and in brush. Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Jackson County, Oregon, to 

 Lake, Yolo, and Lassen Counties, California. Type locality: 3 miles northeast of 'Redding, California. April- 

 Aug. 



