680 SOLANACEAE 



11. Solanum Xantii A. Gray. Purple Nightshade. Fig. 4499. 



Solatium Xantii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 90. 1876. 

 Solanum cupuliferum Greene, Erythea 3: 72. 1895. 



Suffrutescent plant 2-10 dm. tall, short-villous with an admixture of simple, unbranched 

 hairs and gland-tipped, slightly shorter hairs throughout, or glabrous in one variety. Leaves 

 ovate, lance-ovate or oblong-ovate, subentire or sometimes hastately lobed at the base, 2-4 (or 

 sometimes to 10) cm. long, slightly decurrent on the petioles, these to 1.5 cm. long; peduncles 

 5-12 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent and villous, 4-9-flowered; calyx 5-6 mm. long, 

 the lobes broadly deltoid, about one-third as long as to equaling the broadly campanulate tube ; 

 corolla purple to dark lavender, 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter, finely puberulent without ; anthers 

 3 2-4.4 mm. long, the filaments glabrous except in var. Hoffmannii; berries globose, 6-8 mm. 

 in diameter, greenish, the somewhat enlarged calyx one-third to one-half as long as the berry ; 

 seeds broadly ovate-lenticular, 1.6-1.8 mm. long, 1.4-1.6 mm. wide, pale brownish, minutely 

 reticulate. 



Foothills and mountains, usually at edges of openings in the chaparral or forest. Upper Sonoran Zone to 

 Transition Zone; Mendocino and Amador Counties, southward through the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada 

 to northern Lower California, on the Channel Islands, and eastward into Arizona. Type locality: I-ort lejon. 

 Feb.-July. 



Solanum Xantii var. intermedium Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 168. 1901. (Sotanum Wallacei var. 

 viridis Parish op cit. 166.) Leaves often subcordate to cordate at the base; pedicels and calyces glabrous or 

 essentially so;' stems and leaves short-villous and glandular-puberulent. Foothills and lower mountains of the 

 Coast Ranges, Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, southward to Riverside County, California. Type locality: 

 San Bernardino, California. Feb.-July. 



Solanum Xantii var. HoffmSnnii Munz, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 31: 70. 1932 Stems and foliage glabrous 

 or with a few scattered simple and glandular hairs on very young growth; leaves thin, mostly obtuse to truncate 

 at the base 3-6 cm. long; filaments densely glandular-puberulent on the inner surfaces. Foothills in the vicinity 

 of Gaviota'Pass, Santa Barbara County. Type locality: Gaviota Pass. March-June. 



Solanum Xantii var. mont^num Munz, loc. cit. Strictly herbaceous froni a perennial root; stems 1^4 dm. 

 lone, often prostrate, densely short-villous with grayish hairs. Transition and Canadian Zones; San Gabriel and 

 San Bernardino Mountains, between 6,000 and 9,200 feet. Type locality: Bear Valley, San Bernardino County. 

 May-Aug. 



Solanum Xantii var. obispo^nse (Eastw.) Wiggins. (Solanum ohispocnse Eastw. Leaflets West. Bot. 

 1- 104 1934 ) Plants 1-3 dm. tall; herbage densely Rlandular-viscid and villous^pubescent; leaves mostly erose- 

 cr'ispate, 1-2 .'s (sometimes to 4) cm. long, often somewhat lobed near the base; berries 7-8 mm in diameter. 

 Foothills, Templeton, San Luis Obispo County, to Mount Pinos region, Ventura County. Type locality: Eldorado 

 School, Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County. April-June. 



Solanum Xantii var. glabrescens Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 169. 1901 Subglabrous, the scattered, 

 simple hairs are shorter than those of the species; glandular hairs almost or entirely lacking; leaves mostly at- 

 tenuate at each end, 1-3 cm. long or less, often 6 mm. broad or less; flowers aiid fruit as in the species. Similar 

 to S Parishii in general appearance, but the pubescence more pronounced and the fruits slightly larger, l^oot- 

 hills'and lower mountains, Monterey County to northern Lower California. Type locality: San Bernardino, 

 California. Feb.-Aug. 



12. Solanum Wallacei (A. Gray) Parish. Catalina Nightshade. Fig. 4500. 



Solanum Xantii var. Wallacei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 91. 1876. 

 Solanum Wallacei Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 166. 1901. 



A coarse suffrutescent plant 1.5-2 m. tall, densely tawny-villous throughout with a mix- 

 ture of several-celled, unbranched hairs and slightly shorter, gland-tipped hairs, the glandular 

 exudate ill-smelling. Leaves rather thick, oblong-ovate, 1.5-8 cm. broad, 3-15 cm. long, acute 

 at the apex acute, rounded, truncate or subcordate at the base, entire, crenate, or shallowly 

 lobed near the base; peduncles stout, 1-3 cm. long, often dichotomously branched, several- 

 flowered, pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long, viscid-villous ; calyx 5-7 mm. long campanulate, the 

 lobes deltoid slightly shorter than the tube, often short-acummate ; corolla purplish blue, 

 2-4 cm in diameter; anthers about 5 mm. long; filaments glabrous; berries globose, dark 

 purple, 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter; seeds broadly ellipsoid-lenticular, reddish brown, rather 

 coarsely reticulate. 



Along the bottoms of canyons, Upper Sonoran Zone; Catalina and Guadalupe Islands and sparingly on the 

 mainland near the coast in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. Type locality: Santa Catalina Island, 

 California. March-Aug. 



Solanum Wallacei var. Clokeyi (Munz) McMinn. 111. Man. Calif. Shrubs 491. 1939. (Solanum arbores- 

 censClokey Bull S Calif. Acad. 30: 60. 1931. J^ot S. arborescens Moench, 1794- S. Clokeyt Uunz, Bu\\, S. 

 Calif Acad 31: 69. 1932.) Similar to S. Wallacei in foliage, but the pubescence of shorter, less tawnv hairs; 

 corolla 1.5-3.5 cm. in diameter; berries 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, yellow. Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands, 

 Santa Barbara County. Type locality: Pelican Bay, Santa Cruz Island, California. March-July. 



13. Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch. Blue Witch. Fig. 4501. 



Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 283. 1826. 

 Solanum genistoides Dunal in A. DC. Prod. 13^: 85. 1852. 



A rounded to straggly suflfrutescent plant with green, 5-angled or ridged stems 5-12 dm. 

 long, finely pubescent throughout with simple, forked, and few-branched, nonglandular hairs. 

 Leaves elliptic-ovate, entire or rarely lobed or pinnatifid toward the base, 1.5-5 cm. long, 

 acute to obtuse at the apex, tapering to a petiole 4-8 mm. long, rather thickish ; peduncles 1 cm. 

 long or less, sometimes almost lacking; pedicels slender, to 2 cm. long; calyx broadly cam- 

 panulate 4-5 mm. long, the lobes deltoid, shorter than the tube; corolla blue or infrequently 

 white l'5-2 cm. broad, with a pair of greenish glands near the base opposite each of the 5 

 shallow lobes ; anthers yellow or greenish yellow, about 4 mm. long ; filaments glabrous ; berry 



