POTATO FAMILY 681 



globose 8-15 mm. in diameter, whitish but darker green near the base; seeds broadly oval- 

 ellipsoidal, lenticular, 2-2.2 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad, finely and lightly reticulate. 



Hillsides, along canyons and ravines and in openings in the chaparral, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; 

 Coast Ranges from Mendocino County to Santa Barbara County, and occasional in southern California to north- 

 ern Lower California; sparingly to southern Arizona. Type locality: California. March-July, but flowering 

 lightly throughout the year. 



Solanum umbelliferum var. incanum Torn Pacif R. Rep. r»: .17. 185S. (Solanum californicum Dunal 

 in A DC Prod IS^: 86. 1852; 6". umbelliferum var. cahfornicum Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. 111. Z. \/l. \^^\> 

 Differing 'from the species in having the stems, and sometimes the leaves, densely white-tomentose with closely 

 intertaniled, several-branched hairs. Coast Ranges, Contra Costa County, southward to Ventura County, Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: San Antonio River, southern Monterey County. Feb.-Oct. 



14. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Viscid Nightshade. Fig. 4502. 



Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Tab. Encycl. 2: 25. 1793. 



A robust annual 5-15 dm. tall, armed with bright yellow, somewhat flattened prickles on 

 stems main veins of the leaves and calyces, and viscid-villous throughout. Leaves thin, ovate 

 in outline, 3-8 cm. wide, 10-25 cm. long, pinnatifid with oblong, toothed or serrate lobes, these 

 acute at the apex ; flowers cymose ; sepals lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long ; corollas 3-3 . 5 cm. wide, 

 light blue or white, stellate-pubescent outside ; anthers alike, about 1 cm. long, linear-lanceolate ; 

 berry globose, orange-red, 1-2 cm. in diameter, nearly included in the accrescent, prickly calyx- 

 lobes ; seeds orange-yellow, about 2 mm. long, finely foveolate with comparatively coarse ndges 

 separating the depressions. 



Introduced at a number of localities from Oregon to southern California, and along the Atlantic seaboard. 

 Introduced from tropical America. Type locality: "In agro Bonariense. Commerson. June-Oct. 



15. Solanum rostratum Dunal. Buffalo Bur. Fig. 4503. 



Solanum rostratum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 234. pi. 24. 1813. 

 Solanum heterandrum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 156. pi. 7. 1814. 

 Androcera lobata Nutt. Gen. 1:129. 1818. 

 Androcera rostrata Rydh. Bull. Torrey Club 33 : 150. 1906.- 



Annual with erect, moderately branched stems 4-8 dm. tall, and densely stellate-pubescent 

 herbage usually well-armed with yellow, subulate spines on stems, petioles, main veins of leaves 

 and calyces. Petioles 0.5-5 cm. long; leaves oval or ovate in outline, irregularly pinnateiy 

 3-7-lobed or once or twice pinnatitid, to 5 cm. wide and 12 cm. long, the lobes oblong or sub- 

 orbicular, rounded or obtuse; flowers yellow, 2-2.5 cm. broad, stellate-pubescent without, the 

 calyx armed with spines 5-15 mm. long; anthers dimorphic, the lower one 9-10 mm. long, the 

 others about 6 mm. long; berry about 1 cm. in diameter, closely invested by prickly calyx-lobes; 

 seeds black, 3-3.5 mm. long, dull, deeply and finely foveolate. 



Dry soil on the prairies from South Dakota to Texas and Mexico; adventive as a weed iti Oregon and| 

 California and from Ontario to Florida. Type locality: probably on the banks of the Missouri. May-Sept. 



16. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silver-leaved Nettle or Bull Nettle. 



Fig. 4504. 



Solanum elaeagnifolium Csiv. Ic. 3 : 22. pi. 243. 1794. 



iV/anum /c/'rojMm Ort. Hort. Matr. Dec. lis. 1800. 



Solanum fiavidum Torr. Ann. Lye. N.Y. 2: 227. 1828. 



Solanum texense Engelm. & (^ray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 227. 1845. 



Solanum Roemerianum Scheele, Linnaea 21: 767. 1848. 



Perennial to 1 m. high from underground rhizomes, the foliage and stems silvery canescent 

 with dense finely stellate pubescence; stems; petioles and midribs sparsely to densely pnckly or 

 rarely unarmed. Leaves linear, oblong, or lanceolate, 0.4-2.5 or rarely 3.5 cm. wide, 3-10 

 cm. long, narrowed or rounded at the base, obtuse or acute at the apex, repand-dentate or 

 smaller upper ones sometimes entire; flowers cymose; peduncles, pedicels and calyces usually 

 prickly with straight yellow spines to 4 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate to lance-hnear, to 1 cm. 

 long; corollas 2-3 cm. in diameter, violet or -blue, stellate-pubescent on outside; anthers 7-9 mrn. 

 long ; berry globose, 10-14 mm. in diameter, yellow or brownish, smooth and glabrous ; seeds 

 ovoid, flattened, 3.5-4 mm. long, dark brown. 



Drv sandy plains, Sonoran Zones; Arizona to Texas and Kansas; an introduced weed in southern California 

 and at "numerous localities in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. Type locality: Habitat m America 

 calidiore." May-Oct. 



17. Solanum marginatum L. f. White-margined Nightshade. Fig. 4505. 



Solanum marginatum L. f, Suppl. 147. 1781. 



Solanum abyssinicum Jacq. ex Vitm. Summa PI. 1: 492. 1789. 



A robust shrub 10-15 dm. tall, with the stems and both sides of the leaves armed with 

 scattered vellow, stout spines 2-10 mm. long and the stems and lower surfaces of the leaves 

 velvety-tomentose with fine, several-rayed, stellate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, 5-12 cm. 

 broad, 8-20 cm. long, coarsely sinuate-lobate with lobes 1-2 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, these 

 usually obtuse or rounded, the upper surface densely tomentose in youth, but the pubescence 

 deciduous from the center outward, leaving a white band of tomentum around the margins 

 until the leaf is quite old, finally the whole upper surface green and subglabrate; peduncles 

 stout, 1-2 cm. long, few-flowered; calyx 8-12 mm. long, densely tomentose, the lance-deltoid 



