FIGWORT FAMILY 753 



2-8 dm. high. Leaves entire, thickish, the basal lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate, up to 

 15 cm. long, the cauline linear-lanceolate, merely sessile; thyrsus elongated, of numerous ob- 

 scurely interrupted showy clusters, more or less secund ; calyx 4-6 or 8 mm. high, the lobes nar- 

 rowly ovate to broadly oblong or suborbicular with short tip ; corolla bright blue-purple, 25-35 

 mm. long, 8-10 mm. wide pressed, glabrous, the rather long tube abruptly flaring into the ample 

 throat, the large limb strongly 2-lipped ; anther-sacs divaricate, sigmoid-curved, 2-2.4 mm. long, 

 opening from the apex for two-thirds the distance to the line of contact, the suture finely toothed ; 

 staminode glabrous, or rarely bearded apically. n = 8. 



Dry plains and hillsides, mostly confined to the Arid Transition Zone; central Washington to southern 

 California, mostly east of the Cascade- Sierran axis, east to Idaho and Utah. Type locality: Spokane River, 

 May-July. 



Penstemon speciosus subsp. Kennedyi (A. Nels.) Keck, Amer. Midi. Nat. 23:613. 1940. {Penstemon 

 Kennedyi A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17:97. 1904.) Stems ascending-erect, 0.5-4 dm. high; calyx 8-12 

 mm. high, the lobes lance-attenuate or ovate with acuminate tip. Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; Warner 

 Mountains, east flank of the Sierra Nevada from Sierra County to Inyo County, White Mountains, and 

 adjacent Nevada. Type locality: Truckee Pass, Virginia Mountains, Washoe County, Nevada. June— July. 



43. Penstemon Pennellianus Keck. Blue Mountain Penstemon. Fig. 4680. 



Penstemon Pennellianus Keck, Amer. Midi. Nat. 23: 614. 1940. 



Herbage green and glabrous throughout ; stems in erect clumps 2-5 dm. high. Leaves entire, 

 firm, the basal lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 8-25 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, long-petiolate, the 

 cauline oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute, the uppermost cordate-amplexicaul ; thyrsus of 3-10 

 many-flowered continuous clusters ; calyx 5-10 mm. high, the lobes lance-ovate, acuminate or 

 caudate at tip, the margin hyaline, subentire ; corolla bright blue tinged with purple, 26-32 mm. 

 long, 9-10 mm. wide pressed, glabrous, the tube abruptly flaring into the ample throat, the ample 

 limb not strongly 2-lipped; anther-sacs divaricate, sigmoid-curved, 2-2.4 mm. long, opening par- 

 tially like speciosus, sparsely hirtellous toward base and the suture finely toothed; staminode 

 short-hirsute apically. 



Gravelly ridges and slopes, Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; Blue Mountains of southeastern Wash- 

 ington and adjacent Oregon. Type locality: Joseph Creek Canyon below Flora, Wallowa County, Oregon. June- 

 July. 



44. Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. Sand-dune Penstemon. Fig. 4681. 



Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. IS: pi. 1285. 1829. 



Glabrous and glaucous throughout or occasionally minutely viscidulous ; stems erect or nearly 

 so, rather stout, 2-4 dm. high. Leaves entire, coriaceous, the basal lanceolate to broadly elliptic 

 or spatulate, with often stout petioles, the cauline elliptic to ovate, the upper cordate-amplexicaul 

 and often nearly rotund except for the short abrupt acuminate tip, strongly veined ; thyrsus often 

 much elongated, very leafy below, the 3-18 clusters compact and often congested ; calyx 5-8 mm. 

 high, accrescent, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate to attenuate, very narrowly scarious-margined, 

 entire; corolla pale blue-purple, 12-18 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide pressed, the throat gradually 

 ampliate, the limb obscurely 2-lipped; anther-sacs opposite, 1.2 mm. long, dehiscent throughout 

 but not explanate ; staminode apically dilated and bearded with flattened golden hairs, n =: 8. 



Old dunes and sandy sagebrush flats. Upper Sonoran Zone; in Washington from Grant County to Walla 

 Walla and Klickitat Counties, and in adjacent Oregon along the Columbia River; also in Malheur and Harney 

 Counties, Oregon, east to Idaho. Type locality: "barren sandy plains of the Columbia." May-June. 



45. Penstemon Palmeri A. Gray. Scented Penstemon. Fig. 4682. 



Penstemon Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 379. 1868. 



Gray-glaucous and glabrous below the inflorescence, the stems 5-14 dm. high. Leaves ir- 

 regularly spinulose-dentate or the uppermost subentire, the basal oblong-ovate, the cauline lance- 

 ovate, obtuse or acute, auriculate-clasping, the upper pairs usually connate-perfoliate, the largest 

 to 15 cm. long and to 9 cm. wide ; thyrsus glandular-pubescent, virgate, secund, the peduncles 

 suberect, 2-3-flowered ; calyx 4-6 mm. high, the lobes broadly ovate ; corolla whitish suflfused 

 with pink or lilac, with prominent guide lines extending into throat from lower lip, 22-35 mm. 

 long, 10-20 mm. wide pressed, the short tube abruptly expanding into the strongly inflated throat, 

 the lobes reflexed, villous across base of lower lip ; anther-sacs longer than broad, peltately ex- 

 planate; staminode exserted, bearded with shaggy yellow hairs 3 mm. long, like the shorter pair 

 of fertile filaments glandular-pubescent at base ; ovary usually glandular-puberulent. « = 8. 



Desert washes and sagebrush-covered slopes. Lower Sonoran Zone; ranges west of Death Valley and in 

 the Providence and New York Mountains, California, north to Nevada, east to Utah and Arizona. Type 

 locality: Skull Valley, Arizona. Unique in having fragrant flowers, with the odor of clover blossoms. May- 

 June. 



46. Penstemon Grinnellii Eastw. Grinnell's Penstemon. Fig. 4683. 



Penstemon Grinnellii Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 207. 1905. 

 Penstemon scrophutarioides M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 12: 65. 1908. 

 Penstemon Palmeri var. Grinnellii Munz & Jtn. Bull. Torrey Club 49: 42. 1922. 

 Penstemon hians I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. No. 68: 92. 1923. 



Stems branching below, forming a rounded bush 3-10 dm. high. Leaves green or glaucescent, 

 finely to coarsely spinulose-dentate or the uppermost entire, like those of Palmeri but not con- 

 nate ; thyrus more lax and open, 4-8 cm. wide ; corolla nearly white or pale purplish or bluish 



