760 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



to the glandular-pubescent inflorescence. Leaves moderately thick, the basal elliptic to spatulate- 

 orbicular, drawn down to a narrowly winged petiole, up to 6 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, the 

 cauline oblanceolate or oblong, obtuse, the uppermost lanceolate ; thyrsus a compact panicle of 

 3-6 nodes, the flowers short-pedicelled ; calyx 7-10 mm. high, the lobes lanceolate, attenuate; 

 corolla purplish blue, 24-30 mm. long, 5-10 mm. wide pressed, moderately ampliate particularly 

 dorsally, the erect upper lip exceeded by the spreading lower one, glabrous within ; anther-sacs 

 pale, 1.5-1.9 mm. long, glabrous except for the minute teeth along the suture, dehiscent for 

 less than half their length ; staminode prominently yellow-bearded for about 5 mm. 



Open rocky slopes and under pines, Canadian Zone; flank of the Sierra Nevada in Mono and Inyo Counties. 

 California. Type locality: "south end of Long Valley near Hilton Creek, Mono County." June-July. 



61. Penstemon scapoides Keck. Pinon Penstemon. Fig. 4698. 



Penstemon scapoides Keck, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 16: 379. 1932. 



Stems few, from a branching matted caudex, erect, 2^ dm. high, glabrous, glaucous. 

 Leaves almost all basal, ovate to subrotund, often folded, on petioles as long as the blade, 

 densely canescent, 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, the cauline much-reduced, with very long 

 internodes, the uppermost linear-lanceolate and glabrous ; thrysus moderately glandular-pubescent, 

 a few-flowered lax panicle, the flowers borne singly on ascending pedicels; calyx 3-4.5 mm. 

 high, the lobes oblong to broadly ovate, abruptly acute ; corolla pale lilac, the tube darker, the 

 throat whitish beneath and within, 26-34 mm. long, 5-7.5 mm. wide pressed, only slightly 

 ampliate, the lower lip somewhat exceeding the upper, the 2-ridged palate yellow-hairy ; anther- 

 sacs pale, 1.5-1.7 mm. long, glabrous except for the prominent short teeth along the suture, 

 dehiscent for less than half their length; staminode moderately yellow pilose but not at very 

 tip. n = 8. 



Rocky canyons, Upper Sonoran Zone; White and Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California. Type locality: 

 Westgard Pass. June-July. 



62. Penstemon caesius A. Gray. Cushion Penstemon. Fig. 4699. 



Penstemon caesius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 92. 1883. 



Loosely cespitose, with a lignescent matted caudex, the herbage yellow- or blue-green, glau- 

 cous, glabrous except for the moderately glandular-pubescent inflorescence, the erect stems 

 1.5-4.5 dm. high. Leaves mostly basal, coriaceous, the basal with mostly rotund blades 1-2 cm. 

 long on slender petioles about as long, the cauline distant, reduced, becoming narrowly oblanceo- 

 late above; thyrsus a rather lax few-flowered panicle; calyx 4-7 mm. high, the lobes oblong 

 or ovate, obtuse or abruptly acute; corolla purplish blue, 17-23 mm. long, 4.5-6.5 mm. wide 

 pressed, gradually ampliate, the lips equal, small, the throat glabrous within ; anther-sacs pale, 

 1.3-1.5 mm. long, glabrous except for the prominent short teeth along the suture, dehiscent 

 half their length; staminode glabrous. 



Dry rocky slopes. Transition and Canadian Zones; southern Sierra Nevada and the San Gabriel and San 

 Bernardino Mountains, California. Type locality: San Bernardino Mountains. June-Aug. 



63. Penstemon Cusickii A. Gray. Cusick's Penstemon. Fig. 4700. 



Penstemon Cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 16: 106. 1880. 

 Penstemon Macbridei A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 52:272. 1911. 



Stems clustered, 2-4 dm. high, the herbage gray-green, hirtellous throughout. Leaves all 

 of one kind or nearly so, evenly distributed, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or some of lower 

 spatulate, 3-6.5 cm. long, 2-8 mm. wide; thyrsus narrow, sometimes congested, the peduncles 

 usually appressed; calyx 3.5-7 mm. high, glabrous or minutely puberulent, the lobes broadly 

 lanceolate to orbicular, acuminate or abruptly acute; corolla purple to blue, 16-22 mm. long, 

 6-8 mm. wide pressed, the tube (nearly twice as long as the calyx) rapidly expanding into the 

 ample throat, the gaping limb obviously bilabiate, glabrous; anther-sacs black-purple, 1.3-1.9 

 mm. long, glabrous or microscopically pruinose, sparingly short-hispid at sinus, dehiscent less 

 than half their length, the thickened margin prominently but sparsely spinulose; staminode 

 spatulate-dilated at tip, glabrous, n = 8. 



Dry light soils, Upper Sonoran Zone; Baker County to Harney County, Oregon, east to western Idaho. 

 Type locality: "On the banks of Powder River or Eagle Creek, N.E. Oregon." May-June. 



64. Penstemon laetus A. Gray. Gay Penstemon. Fig. 4701. 



Penstemon laetus A. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 147. 1859. 



Subshrub 2-8 dm. high, the herbage gray- or yellow-green, mostly densely puberulent or 

 canescent, the stems often becoming purplish, the inflorescence always glandular-pubescent. 

 Leaves linear to oblanceolate, the upper lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, 2-12 mm. wide; thyrsus 

 somewhat lax but rather narrow, few- to many-flowered; calyx 4-8 mm. high, the lobes 

 lanceolate to narrowly ovate or oblong, acuminate to acute ; corolla blue-lavender to blue-violet, 

 with bright blue limb, 20-30 mm. long, 8-12 mm. wide pressed, tubular-campanulate, the 2-lipped 

 limb widely gaping, glabrous within ; anthers tinged with purple, broadly oval or ovate in outline, 

 2-2.8 mm. long, about as broad as long, often arcuate, white-hirsute (rarely glabrous) at sinus, 

 the sacs dehiscent one-half to three-fifths their length, the suture margin densely spinose; 

 staminode glabrous, narrowly spatulate-dilated at tip. n = 8. 



In chaparral or on dry, wooded slopes. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; western slopes of the Sierra 

 Nevada, California, from Yuba County south to the Tehachapi Mountains and Frazier Mountain, Ventura 

 County. Type locality: Fort Tejon and vicinity. May-July. 



Penstemon laetus subsp. leptosepalus (Greene) Keck, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 16: 393. 1932. {Penstemon 



