FIGWORT FAMILY 771 



Corolla paler, the tube globular-cylindric to cylindric with less constricted orifice, the lowermost lobe re- 

 curved; sterile filament paler; capsule acute to acuminate. 

 Sterile filament clavate to obovate, longer than wide, usually brown (but sometimes green in 5'. multi' 

 flora); capsule acute or shortly acuminate; inflorescence relatively lax. 



Sepals oblong to ovate, acuminate to obtuse or (usually erosely) rounded; corolla 8-;lS mm. long, 

 the upper lobes nearly the length of the tube; capsule 6-8 mm. long, ovoid-conic; leaf-blades 

 simply to doubly dentate with acute or blunted teeth, the larger blades cordate at base. 



3. S. calif ornica. 



Sepals circular (or nearly so), broadly rounded; corolla 5-8 mm. long, the upper lobes shorter than 

 the tube; capsule 4-6 mm. long, globose-conic; leaf-blades sharply toothed or incised, 

 truncate to slightly cordate at base. 4. 5'. tnultiflora. 



Sterile filament flabellate, wider than long, yellowish green; corolla 9-14 mm. long; capsule sharply 

 acuminate; inflorescence stricter and more elongated; leaf-blades simply to doubly dentate, 

 truncate to slightly cordate at base. 5. 5'. lanceolata. 



1. Scrophularia villosa Pennell. Santa Catalina Figwort. Fig. 4729. 



Scrophularia villosa Pennell, Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 5: 223. 1923. 

 Scrophularia californica var. catalina Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 906. 1925. 



Stem 12-18 dm. tall or more, glandular-pubescent, the inflorescence glandular-villose. Leaf- 

 blades ovate, acuminate, sharply and somewhat doubly dentate, reaching 10-15 cm. long and 

 8-12 cm. wide, cordate to petioles 3-5 cm. long; panicle narrow, reaching 15-45 cm. long by 

 5-10 cm. wide, its branches widely spreading; sepals 3 mm. long, triangular-ovate, acute, 

 glandular-villose; corolla 8-9 mm. long, deep maroon, the upper lobes blackish, the lowermost 

 lobe slightly paler and deflexed ; uppermost filament a minute awn-like rudiment or else lacking ; 

 capsule conic, 5-6 mm. long. 



Canyon bottoms, Upper Sonoran Zone; Santa Catalina Island, southern California. Type locality: foot of 

 Equestrian Trail, Santa Catalina Island, California. April-Sept. 



2. Scrophularia atrata Pennell. Black-flowered Figwort. Fig. 4730. 



Scrophularia atrata Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99: 172. 1947. 



Stem 10-20 dm. tall, glandular-puberulent in inflorescence. Leaf-blades ovate, acute, dentate 

 with rounded or broadly acute teeth, reaching 6-10 cm. long and 5-8 cm. wide, on petioles 2-7 

 cm. long; panicle elongated, of 10-15 fascicles or more, its branches divaricately spreading; 

 sepals 3 mm. long, ovate or lance-ovate, rounded, narrowly erose-margined ; corolla 9-11 mm. 

 long, dark maroon, its upper half blackish, its tube globular-urceolate with constricted orifice, its 

 lowermost lobe deflexed-spreading ; uppermost filament lance-oblong, blackish maroon, much 

 narrower than the neck of the upper corolla-lip ; capsule 6-8 mm. long, ovoid, obtuse or acute. 



Rocky limestone. Upper Sonoran Zone; along coast of Santa Barbara County, southern California. Type 

 locality: Surf, California. May. 



3. Scrophularia californica Cham. & Sch. Coast Figwort. Fig. 4731. 



Scrophularia californica Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. 

 Scrophularia oregana Pennell, Bull. Torrey Club. 55: 316. 1928. 



Stem 10-15 dm. tall, finely glandular-pubescent, the inflorescence sparsely glandular-puberu- 

 lent. Leaf-blades ovate or triangular-ovate, acute, simply or somewhat doubly dentate, reaching 

 9-11 cm. long and 6-8 cm. wide (or more), truncate or cordate to petioles 3-5 cm. long; panicle 

 narrow, reaching 20-40 cm. long by 5-10 cm. wide, the branches ascending-spreading; sepals 

 3-4 mm. long, oblong to ovate, acuminate to obtuse (or slightly rounded) ; corolla 8-15 mm, 

 long, dorsally garnet-brown to maroon, ventrally paler or yellowish, the lowermost lobe 

 recurving ; uppermost filament clavate to obovate, brown ; capsule ovoid-conic, 6-8 mm. long. 



Sandy soil, banks and openings in forest, Humid Transition Zone; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to 

 the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, southern California. Type locality: San Francisco, Cali- 

 fornia. Feb.-July. 



4. Scrophularia multiflora Pennell. Many-flowered Figwort. Fig. 4732. 



Scrophularia californica var. floribunda Greene, Man. Bay. Reg. 273. 1894. 



Scrophularia floribunda Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 246. 1906. Not S. floribunda Boiss. & Bal. 



Scrophularia californica var. laciniata Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 906. 1925. Not S. laciniata Waldst. & Kit. 



Scrophularia multiflora Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99: 173. 1947. 



Stem 6-12 dm. tall, minutely glandular-pubescent, more strongly so in the inflorescence. 

 Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute, doubly dentate to somewhat incised, reaching 

 4-15 cm. long and 3-10 cm. wide, truncate or cordate to petioles 2-6 cm. long; panicle relatively 

 lax, reaching 30-50 cm. long by 5-10 cm. wide, the branches spreading ; sepals 2-3 mm. long, 

 nearly circular, rounded ; corolla 5-7 mm. long, dorsally garnet-brown or reddish, ventrally 

 pale or greenish yellow, the lowermost lobe recurving ; uppermost filament clavate to obovate, 

 brown or sometimes greenish ; capsule globose-conic, 5-7 mm. long. 



Sandy or rocky soil, usually over granite or andesite but also over limestone and basalt, chaparral and on 

 desert mountains, Lower Sonoran Zone to Arid Transition Zone; nearly throughout California, and in western 

 Nevada. Type locality: California. April-June. 



5. Scrophularia lanceolata Pursli. Hare Figwort. Fig, 4733. 



Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 419. 1814. 



Scrophularia nodosa var. occidentalis Rydb. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 517. June 1896. 



Scrophularia occidentalis Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 23: 315. Aug. 1896. 



Stem 10-15 dm. tall, minutely glandular-pubescent or -puberulent. Leaf-blades lanceolate to 



