FIGWORT FAMILY 731 



stigmas very unequal, the upper short and triangular-acute, the lower linear-oblong, ciliate; 

 capsule 6 mm. long, slightly decurved, tardily or probably not dehiscent. 



Moist soil, meadows and rocky places, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Douglas County, southern 

 Oregon, south to San Benito and Tulare Counties, central California. Type locality: California. March-May. 



4. STEMODIAL. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1118. 1759. 



Erect perennial herb, with opposite serrate clasping leaves and flowers axillary to the 

 narrow bracts of a loose raceme. Bracteoles 2, just beneath calyx. Sepals 5, distinct, 

 linear-lanceolate. Corolla blue-violet, the tube (throat) cylindrical, strongly 2-lipped, its 

 upper lip arched with lobes free less than one-third its length, its lower lip deflexed- 

 spreading, the 3 lobes proximally distinct and hirsute-pubescent. Filaments 4, didynamous 

 (2 upper shorter), all antheriferous, the anther-cells separated on short arms of the 

 thickened connective. Stigmas distinct, lamelliform. Capsule cylindric-ovoid, primarily 

 septicidal, but also loculicidal. Seeds many, obscurely reticulate. [Name abbreviated from 

 Stemodiacra, meaning stamens with two tips.] 



About 20 species, mostly of Tropical America. Type species, Stemodia maritime^ L. 



1. Stemodia arizonica Pennell. Arizona Stemodia. Fig. 4628. 



Stemodia arizonica Pennell, Notulae Naturae No. 43: 3. 1940. 



A weedy plant, 1-5 dm. tall, glandular-pubescent, with elliptic-oblanceolate lower leaves, 

 diminishing to the narrow bract-leaves. Racemes of 6 to 12 remote fascicles; lower pedicels 

 2-12 mm. long; sepals 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate-attenuate; corolla 7-8 mm. long; capsule 5 

 mm. long. 



Sandy soil. Lower Sonoran Zone; southern California and southern Arizona to southern Sonora. Type 

 locality: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Throughout year. 



5. GRATiOLA L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753. 



Erect or diffuse herbs, ours annual, with opposite entire to denticulate sessile leaves and 

 flowers that are axillary to the foliose bracts of a simple loose raceme. Bracteoles just 

 beneath calyx or else lacking. Sepals 5, distinct. Corolla (in ours) white, or with purplish 

 limb, its tube quadrangular and (in ours) yellow, the upper lobes united and hirsute at 

 base. Antheriferous stamens 2 (the upper pair), the lower filaments rudimentary or 

 lacking; anther-cells parallel on the flat expanded connective. Stigmas 2, lamelliform. 

 Capsule loculicidal, and secondarily often also septicidal; seeds many, wingless. [Name 

 Latin, meaning grace or favor, from its reputed healing properties.] 



About 20 species, of wide distribution. Type species, Cratiola officinalis L. 



Pedicels bibracteolate beneath calyx; leaves and sepals obtuse or acutish, the latter 5-6 mm. long; capsule ovoid; 

 plants finely glandular-pubescent. 1. G. neglecta. 



Pedicels ebracteolate; leaves and sepals attenuate, the latter 8-23 mm. long; capsule nearly globose; plants gla- 

 brous. 2. G. ebracteata. 



1. Gratiola neglecta Torr. Common American Hedge-hyssop. Fig. 4629. 



Gratiola neglecta Torr. Cat. PI. N.Y. 89. 1819. 



Stem 1-3 dm. tall, finely glandular-pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to nearly oboyate, 

 distally denticulate, rounded-clasping at base; pedicels 10-20 mm. long, slender, spreading; 

 bracteoles 2, as long as or longer than the lanceolate sepals ; corolla 9-10 mm. long, its upper 

 lobes joined nearly to apex; capsule 5 mm. long. 



Stream beds and ditches, Transition Zones; southern British Columbia south to the Sierra Nevada of 

 California, eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. Type locality: within 30 miles of New York City. May-Aug. 



2. Gratiola ebracteata Benth. Bractless Hedge-hyssop. Fig. 4630. 



Gratiola ebracteata Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: S9S. 1846. 



Stem 0.3-1.5 dm. tall, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate-attenuate, distally slightly denticulate, 

 slightly clasping at base; pedicels 10-23 mm. long, stout, ascending; bracteoles none; sepals lance- 

 attenuate; corolla 5-7 mm. long, its upper lobes united less than half the length; capsule 4-5 

 mm. long. 



Ditches and muddy shores, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Vancouver Island to central California, 

 northward east to northern Idaho. Type locality: Oregon. April- Aug. 



6. BACOPA Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1: 128. 1775. 



Lax herbs (ours aquatic), with opposite leaves (in ours entire and palmately many- 

 veined) and axillary flowers. Bracteoles lacking (in ours). Sepals 5, distinct, dissimilar. 

 Corolla white (in ours), campanulate (in ours). Antheriferous stamens 4. Capsule glo- 

 bose or globose-ovoid (in ours), about equally septicidal and loculicidal. Seeds many, 

 wingless, reticulate. [An aboriginal name.] 



About 60 species, mostly of the New World tropics. Type species: Bacopa aqttatica Aubl. 



