784 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



3. Asarina antirrhiniflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Pennell. Violet Twining 



Snapdragon. Fig. 4758. 



Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Hort. Berol. pi. 83. 1807. 

 Antirrhinum maurandioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 376. 1868. 

 Antirrhinum antirrhiniflora A. S. Hitchcock, Rep. Mo. Hot. Gard. 4: 113. 1893. 

 Asarina antirrhiniflora Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99: 174. 1947. 



Plant glabrous, the stems much-branched, diffuse and extensively twining, the petioles and 

 pedicels also incurvd and somewhat flexuous. Leaf-blades hastate-ovate, 1 . 5-2 . 5 cm. long and 

 wide, both main blade and lateral lobes acuminate, narrowly cordate to petioles 10-30 mm. long ; 

 pedicels becoming 10-30 mm. long, slender; sepals 10-13 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, entire; 

 corolla 20-25 mm. long, its tube pale and dull, its lobes violet to purple, with an upraised 

 yellowish white dark-lined pubescent palate that closes orifice ; capsule 6 mm. long ; seeds brown, 

 1 mm. long, irregularly corky-winged, the wings broken and some mere lines of tubercles. 



Sandy, gravelly, or rocky soil, usually calcareous. Lower and Upper Sonoran Zones; desert mountains, 

 southeastern California to central Texas, south to Oaxaca in southern Mexico. April-May. 



4. Asarina petrophila (Cov. & Mort.) Pennell. Death Valley Maurandya. 



Fig. 4759. 



Maurandya petrophila Cov. & Mort. Journ. Wash. Acad. 25: 292. 1935. 

 Asarina petrophila Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99: 175. 1947. 



Plant pendent, softly hairy, its short stems much-branched. Leaf -blades rotund-ovate, 2-3 cm. 

 long and wide, irregularly dentate with callose bristly teeth, rounded or truncate to petioles 

 13-18 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long, stout; sepals 15 mm. long, lanceolate, dentate with 

 slender spine-like teeth ; corolla 33-35 mm. long, pale yellow, its cylindric throat open, ventrally 

 with 2 narrow deep yellow finely pilose ridges, its lobes all spreading ; capsule about 9 mm. long ; 

 seeds pale yellow or gray, 2.5 mm. long, with lines of spongy tubercles. 



Crevices of limestone rock. Lower Sonoran Zone; Grapevine Mountains, beside Death Valley, Inyo County, 

 California. Type locality: Titus Canyon, Grapevine Mountains, California. April. 



15. LIN Aria [Bauhin] Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 4. 1754. 



Erect or diffuse annual- or perennial-rooted glabrous herbs, the scattered narrow leaves 

 all sessile. Flowers in terminal racemes, the bracts short. Bracteoles none. Sepals 5, dis- 

 tinct. Corolla yellow or violet, ventrally spurred at base, 2-lipped, the lower often raised 

 into a palate. Stamens 4, didynamous, the glabrous anthers distinct. Stigmas united, 

 scarcely capitate. Capsule cylindric to globose, rupturing irregularly across the distal 

 width of each cell ; seeds various. [Named from the Latin because of the resemblance of 

 some species to Linum, flax.] 



About 100 species, mostly Palaearctic, the 3 species of Leptoplectron Nearctic. Type species, Antirrhinum 

 Linaria L. 



Corolla yellow, with prominent orange palate, the spur stout, straight or nearly so; capsule longer than wide; 



seed with wide circular wing; root perennial. I. Linariastrum. 



Corolla violet or violet-purple, with scarcely evident pale palate, the spur slender, decurved; capsule as wide 



as long; seeds cylindric, prismatic-angled; root annual or biennial. IL Leptoplectron. 



L Linariastrum. 



Our single species naturalized from Europe. 1. L. vulgaris. 



IL Leptoplectron. 



Surfaces and rounded angles of seeds densely tuberculate; corolla over 10 mm. long, excluding spur which is 

 5-9 mm. long. 2. L. texana. 



Surfaces of seed smooth or nearly so, the angles thin and usually sharp; corolla less than 10 mm. long, excluding 

 spur which is 2-6 mm. long. 3. L. canadensis. 



1. Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter-and-Eggs. Fig. 4760. 



Antirrhinum Linaria L. Sp. PI. 616. 1753. 

 Linaria vulgaris Hill, Brit. Herb. 109. 1756. 

 Linaria Linaria Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 947. 1880-83. 



Strong-scented perennial, the stems 5-10 dm. tall, and the numerous leaves widely linear. 

 Corolla 15-20 mm. long, excluding spur, its orifice closed by palate; capsule 9-12 mm. long, 

 rupturing near apex; seeds 1.5 mm. wide, flattened. 



Established as a weed through most of temperate North America; naturalized from Eurasia. Summer. 



2. Linaria texana Scheele. Larger Blue Toad-flax. Fig. 4761. 



Linaria texana Scheele, Linnaea 21: 761. 1848. 



Linaria canadensis var. texana Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 73: 502. 1921. 



Inodorous annual or winter biennial, the flowering stems erect, 3-7 dm. tall, often at 

 base with short spreading prostrate branches. Leaves narrowly linear, rather sparse distally; 



