786 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



corolla violet or nearly so, 10-12 mm. long, excluding spur; capsule 2.5-3.5 mm. long, rup- 

 turing one-third to one-half its depth ; seeds with rounded densely tuberculate angles. 



Sandy soil, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; southern British Columbia to northern Lower California, 

 east over southern United States to the Atlantic Coast and Mexico. Type locality: between Houston and Austin, 

 Texas. March-May. 



3, Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont. Smaller Blue Toad-flax. Fig, 4762. 



Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. PI. 618. 1753. 

 Linaria canadensis Dumont, Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802. 



Inodorous annual or winter biennial, the flowering sterns erect, 3-7 dm. tall, often at base 

 with short spreading prostrate branches. Leaves narrowly linear, sparse distally; corolla violet 

 or nearly so, 8-10 mm. long, excluding spur; capsule 2-3 mm. long, rupturing one-third to 

 one-half its depth ; seeds smooth and with sharp angles. 



Sandy soil, Transition Zones; occasional on the Pacific Slope from British Columbia to central California; 

 and widespread over the eastern United States. Type locality: actually Raccoon in southern New Jersey. April- 

 June. 



16. CYMBALARIA [Bauhin] Hill, Brit. Herb. 113. 1756. 



Procumbent twining biennial- or annual-rooted glabrous herb, the leaves opposite or 

 scattered and with palmate petioled blades. Flowers axillary to foliage leaves, long-pedi- 

 celled. Bracteoles none. Sepals 5, distinct. Corolla violet, ventrally spurred at base, 2- 

 lipped, the lower side of the throat densely hairy and terminating in a glabrous yellow 

 palate, from which the lower lobes deflex. Stamens 4, didynamous, the anthers glabrous 

 and somewhat coherent. Capsule globose, rupturing irregularly across the distal width 

 of each cell. Seeds nearly globose, with many corky wings. [From the Greek word 

 meaning cymbal.] 



Species about 10, Palaearctic, mostly in the Mediterranean subregion. Type species. Antirrhinum Cym- 

 balaria L. 



1. Cymbalaria muralis Gartn. Mey. & Scherb, Kenilworth Ivy. Fig. 4763. 



Antirrhinum Cymbalaria L. Sp. PI. 612. 1753. 



Cymbalaria muralis Giirtn. Mey. & Scherb. Fl. Wett. 2: 397. 1800. 



Cymbalaria Cymbalaria Wettst. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3^: 58. 1891. 



Leaf-blades with 5-7 bluntly acuminate lobes, cordate to long petioles; sepals 3 mm. long, 

 lanceolate ; corolla 7 mm. long, excluding the straight spur which is 3 mm. long ; capsule 4 mm. 

 long; seeds 0.5 mm. long, black. 



Cultivated on walls, and somewhat escaped in the moist cool areas of the Pacific Slope from British Co- 

 lumbia to central California. Type locality: Europe. May-Sept. 



17. KICKXIA Dumort. Fl. Belg. 35. 1827. 



Diffuse repent perennial-rooted hairy herbs, the scattered leaves with wide-petioled 

 blades. Flowers axillary to foliage leaves, long-pedicelled. Bracteoles none. Sepals 5, 

 distinct. Corolla white or yellowish white, ventrally spurred at base, 2-lipped, with a 

 pubescent yellow palate from which the lower lobes deflex. Stamens 4, didynamous, the 

 ciliate anthers more or less coherent. Stigmas minute, wholly united. Capsule globose, 

 most of the wall of each cell dehiscing as a lid. Seeds brown, oval, alveolate with thin 

 wing-like irregular convolutions. [Named in honor of Jean Kickx, a Belgian professor.] 



About 30 species, Palaearctic, mostly in the Mediterranean subregion. Type species. Antirrhinum Elatine L. 



Leaf -blades rounded or cordate at base; sepals ovate; corolla 6-8 mm. long; anthers usually somewhat coherent. 



1. K. spuria. 



Leaf -blades hastate-lobed at base; sepals lanceolate; corolla 5 mm. long; anthers wholly coherent. 



2. K. Elatine. 



1. Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Round-leaved Fluellin. Fig. 4764. 



Antirrhinum spurium L. Sp. PI. 613. 1753. 

 Kickxia spuria Dumort. Fl. Belg. 35. 1827. 



Leaf-blades ovate or widely circular, 2.5-4 cm. long and wide, rounded or truncate to 

 petioles 2-5 mm. long; pedicels becoming 10-15 mm. long; sepals ovate; corolla 6-8 mm. long, 

 the spur 5 mm. long; capsule Z-A mm. long; seeds 1 mm. long. 



Occasionally naturalized, as in Napa County, California. Type locality: Europe. June-Sept. 



2. Kickxia Elatine (L.) Dumort. Sharp-leaved Fluellin. Fig. 4765. 



Antirrhinum Elatine L. Sp. PI. 612. 1753. 

 Kickxia Elatine Dumort. Fl. Belg. 35. 1827. 



Leaf -blades ovate, 1-3 cm. long by 0.8-2.5 cm. wide, hastate with 1-3 low basal lobes, 

 cordate to petioles 2-5 mm. long; pedicels becoming 10-25 mm. long, very slender; sepals 



