798 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



1. Synthyris reniformis (Dougl.) Benth. Snow-Queen or Round-leaved 



Synthyris. Fig. 4793. 



Wulfenia reniformis Dougl. ex Benth. Scroph. Indicae 46. 1835. 

 Synthyris reniformis Benth. in A. DC. 'Prod. 10: 454. 1846. 

 Synthyris rotundifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 285. 1878. 



Pilose, becoming hirsute-pubescent on distal portion of stems and on pedicels and capsules, 

 the sepals ciliate with similar slender hairs. Leaf-blades cordate-orbicular, with about 7 pairs 

 of crenately dentate shallow lobes, the paler lower surface with short hairs or glabrescent ; flower- 

 ing stems about equaling the leaves; racemes 1-3 cm. long, the pedicels 7-10 mm. long, more 

 than twice as long as the ovate bracts; sepals oval, becoming 4-4.5 mm. long; corolla 6-9 mm. 

 long, campanulate, its lobes shorter than the tube ; filaments 3-4 mm. long ; style 5-8 mm. long ; 

 capsule 2-4 mm. long, with widely divaricate cells (altogether 7-8 mm. wide) ; seeds with in- 

 curved thick margins. 



Rich coniferous forest, Humid Transition Zone; Pacific Slope in Washington and Oregon. Type locality: 

 Columbia River. March-May. 



Synthyris reniformis var. cordata A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 571. 1876. (^Synthyris rotundifolia var. cor- 

 data A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 285. 1878; S. rotundifolia var. Siveetserv Henderson, Rhodora 32: 27. 

 1930.) Leaf-blades longer than wide, ovate-cordate and often more lobed, firmer and more glabrescent. Moist 

 forest. Humid Transition Zone; southern coastal Oregon and northern coastal California, south to Marin County. 

 March-May. 



2. Synthyris schizantha Piper. Fringed Synthyris. Fig. 4794. 



Synthyris schizantha Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 223. 1902. 



Finely pubescent on petioles and ribs of lower leaf-surface, and on flowering stems and 

 pedicels, elsewhere glabrous. Leaf -blades cordate-orbicular or reniform, with about 9-11 pairs 

 of doubly dentate-lobed lobes (cut about one-sixth depth of blade), the lower surface slightly 

 paler; flowering stems exceeding the foliage, with a pair of foliose sessile bracts below in- 

 florescence, the raceme 6-9 cm. long, with pedicels 5-6 mm. long and about equaling the oblong- 

 lanceolate to linear bracts; sepals linear, 4 mm. long; corolla 8-11 mm. wide, nearly rotate, the 

 laciniately cleft lobes longer than the tube ; filaments 4-5 mm. long ; style 6-7 mm. long ; capsule 

 2.5-3 mm. long, with widely divaricate rounded cells (altogether 6 mm. wide) ; seeds somewhat 

 flattened. 



Moist banks or bluffs, Canadian Zone; coastal mountains and outlying slopes of Cascade Range in Wash- 

 ington, and on Saddle Mountain in the Coast Range of northwestern Oregon. Type locality: Baldy Peak, 

 Olympic Mountains, Washington. June-July. 



3. Synthyris stellata Pennell. Columbia Synthyris. Fig. 4795. 



Synthyris stellata Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 85: 89. 1933. 



Finely villose-pubescent on rachis and pedicels of inflorescence, elsewhere glabrous. Leaf- 

 blades cordate-orbicular, with about 9 pairs of doubly and saliently dentate-toothed lobes (cut 

 about one-sixth the depth of blade), the lower surface scarcely paler; flowering stems exceeding 

 the foliage, with one or several pairs of pectinate and nearly sessile foliose bracts below inflores- 

 cence; racemes 8^15 cm. long, with pedicels 5-10 mm. long and about equaling the usually 

 oblanceolate bracts ; sepals oblong, 4-5 mm. long ; corolla about 10 mm. wide, nearly rotate, the 

 rounded slightly erose lobes longer than the tube ; filaments 5-6 mm. long ; style 5-7 mm. long ; 

 capsule 6 mm. long, truncate or barely retuse, 7-8 mm. wide ; seeds flat. 



Mossy rocky slopes. Humid Transition Zone; within and on hills adjoining the Columbia River Gorge through 

 the Cascade Range, Washington and Oregon. Type locality : near Oneanta Tunnel, Columbia River Gorge, Oregon. 

 April-May. 



4. Synthyris missiirica (Raf.) Pennell. Lewis and Clark's Synthyris. Fig. 4796. 



Veronica reniformis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1 : 10. 1814. Not V. reniformis Raf. 1808. 

 Veronica missurica Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 3: 175. 1818. 

 Veronica Purshii G. Don, Gen. Hist. PI. 4: 573. 1838. 

 Synthyris missurica Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 85: 89. 1933. 



Glabrous throughout or the rachis and pedicels of the inflorescence brownish-puberulent. 

 Leaf-blades cordate-orbicular, with about 7-9 pairs of doubly dentate-lobed and -toothed lobes 

 (cut about one-sixth the depth of blade), the lower surface scarcely paler; flowering stems ex- 

 ceeding the foliage, with several scattered small bracts below inflorescence; raceme becoming 

 6-18 cm. long, with pedicels 3-6 mm. long, about equaling or shorter than the usually oblanceolate 

 bracts ; sepals linear to nearly oblong, 3-4 mm. long ; corolla 6-7 mm. wide, nearly rotate, with 

 rounded slightly erose lobes longer than the tube ; filaments 3 . 5-4 mm. long ; style 4-5 mm. long ; 

 capsule 5 mm. long, distally notched, 5-6 mm. wide ; seeds flat. 



Moist rocky cliffs to open alpine summits, Canadian Zone to Arctic- Alpine Zone; northeastern Washington 

 and northern Idaho south to Modoc County, northeastern California and south central Idaho. May-July. 



Synthyris missurica subsp. mijor (Hook.) Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 85: 91. 1933. (.Synthyris reni- 

 formis var. major Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 5: 257. 1853; Wulfenia major Heller, Cat. N. Amer. PI. 7. 1898; 

 5". major Heller, Muhlenbergia 1 : 5. 1900.) Plant larger, the fruiting stems 3-5 dm. tall with rachis and pedi- 

 cels bearing whitish appressed hairs, and the corollas deflexed-crowded (rather than ascending-spreading). Moist 

 buttes and low mountains, Transition Zones; lower Snake River Valley in southeastern Washington and adja- 

 cent Idaho. Type locality: "highlands of Nez Percez," western Idaho. April-May. 



Synthyris missurica subsp. hirsvita Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 85: 91. 1933. Pedicels and rachis 

 hirsute-pubescent with brown hairs. Presumably from the Cascade Range of western Oregon. Type locality: 

 Oakland, Oregon. April. 



