FIGWORT FAMILY 809 



ventral lobes, the calyx-tube deeply cleft ventrally ; corolla about 7 mm. long, glabrous, mallow- 

 purple, its tube decurved through ventral cleft of calyx, its upper lip proximally white, then 

 decurved and narrowed to a knob-like portion that bears 2 dark purple areas, thence upraised- 

 piojecting and prolonged into a slender once-coiled beak (white, but spotted and splotched with 

 purple), its ample lower lip deflexed-spreading, with median lobe narrowest, the lobes all 

 proximally white and distally mallow-pink; anther-cells obtuse; capsule 9 mm. long, dorsally 

 more rounded and dehiscing throughout, ventrally convexly curved and dehiscing distally ; seeds 

 3 mm. long. 



Moist meadows and openings in coniferous forest, Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; Cascade Mountains of 

 Oregon and Sierra Nevada of California. Type locality: "Big Tree Road," Sierra Nevada, California. June- 

 Sept. 



Pedicularis attollens subsp. protogyna Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99:175. 1947. Plant larger, with 

 corollas larger; the beak of the galea S-6 mm. long; the lower lip 7-8 mm. long, concave, and with narrower 

 purple lines median to each lobe; flowers more clearly protogynous, the stigmas being exposed only before 

 anthesis. Meadows and marshes, Canadian Zone; mountains, southern Oregon and northern California. Type 

 locality: east of Westwood, Lassen County, California. June-Sept. 



17. Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Elephant's Head. Fig. 4818. 



Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Prod. Fl. Scand. ed. 2. 145. 1795. 

 Elephantella groenlandica Rydb. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Card. 1 : 362. 1900. 



Plant glabrous throughout. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, exceeding the leaves which are basal and on 

 lower part of stem and which may reach 10-15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, with 12-15 pairs of 

 pinnules (all cut to the narrowly margined midrib), each linear-lanceolate and somewhat 

 saliently and callosely serrate-dentate, the basal on petioles usually shorter than the blades, the 

 cauline short-petioled or sessile, the upper much smaller; bracts of inflorescence shorter than 

 the flowers, linear-lanceolate, with a few pairs of slender lobes ; pedicels 1-1 . 5 mm. long ; calyx 

 4-5 mm. long, with 5 subulate entire lobes, of which the uppermost is scarcely shorter than the 

 others, the calyx-tube hardly cleft ventrally ; corolla 8-10 mm. long, glabrous, red-purple (rose- 

 purple), its tube straight, its upper lip arched and decurved, dark purple, terminating m a slender 

 and side-curving dark purple beak 4-8 mm. long, its lower lip deflexed-spreading, light mallow- 

 purple, the middle lobe somewhat the narrowest; anther-cells acute; capsule 6-8 mm. long, 

 dorsally rounded and dehiscing throughout, ventrally less rounded and dehiscing distally ; seeds 

 3 mm. long. 



Wet mountain meadows, Hudsonian and Arctic- Alpine Zones; Sierra Nevada of California, and widespread 

 over boreal North America. Type locality: "Greenland," where actually unknown, the type presumably from 

 Labrador. July-Aug. 



Pedicularis groenlandica subsp. surrecta (Benth.) Piper, Mazama 2: 100. 1901. (Pedicularis surrecta 

 Benth. ex Hook Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 107. 1838.) Beak of galea 8-14 mm. long, its hood and the lower lip pale; 

 capsule 7-12 mm. long. Alpine meadows and shores of streams and ponds, Canadian Zone to Arctic-Alpine 

 Zone; mountains, western North America from Washington and Montana south to California and New Mexico. 

 Type locality: Blue Mountains. June-Aug. 



18. Pedicularis Howellii A. Gray. Howell's Lousewort. Fig. 4819. 



Pedicularis Howellii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 307. 1885. 



Stem minutely pubescent below the villose inflorescence, the leaves glabrous except for 

 midrib minutely pubescent above. Stem 3-4 dm. tall, exceeding the leaves which are all caulme 

 and may reach 6 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, with 1-3 pairs of pinnules (all but most distal cut 

 to the nearly or quite marginless midrib), each oblong-rounded and shallowly dentate with 

 rounded lobes, the petioles much shorter than the blades ; bracts of inflorescence nearly equaling 

 the flowers, entire and ciliate, ovate and slightly caudate; pedicels 1 mm. long; calyx 6-7 mm. 

 long, with 5 lanose broadly rounded lobes, of which the uppermost is lower-set and the shortest ; 

 corolla 8-9 mm. long, glabrous, yellow, the tube straight; its upper lip arched and decurved 

 about 60° to the purplish hood, whence narrowed and decurved 90° into the nearly or quite 

 beaked apex, 1-2 mm. long ; its lower lip only 2-3 mm. long, with purplish erose lobes ; anther- 

 cells acute ; capsule 8 mm. long, dorsally rounded and dehiscing throughout, ventrally straight 

 and nearly indehiscent ; seeds 1 . 5-2 mm. long. 



Coniferous forest, Canadian Zone; Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. 

 Type locality: Siskiyou Mountains, California. June-Aug. 



19. Pedicularis crenulata Benth. Margined-leaf Lousewort. Fig. 4820. 



Pedicularis crenulata Benth. in A. DC. Prod. 10: 568. 1846. 

 Pedicularis albomarginata M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 8: 38. 1898. 



Stem densely whitish-pubescent below, lineately so above, loosely villose to nearly glabrous 

 in the inflorescence, the leaves wholly glabrous. Stem 2-3.5 dm. tall, exceeding the leaves which 

 are all cauline, very numerous, and may reach 4-6 cm. long and 4-5 mm. wide, linear to linear- 

 oblanceolate, crenate-dentate or somewhat doubly crenate, with callose white margins; bracts 

 of inflorescence shorter than the flowers, proximally entire but distally callosely crenate; 

 pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx 11 mm. long, the uppermost sepal lacking and the others with 

 those of each side wholly united into a single obtuse or acute upcurved lobe, the calyx-tube cleit 

 deeply ventrally; corolla 22 mm. long, glabrous, purple, its tube slightly decurved through ventral 

 cleft of calvx; its upper Up 11-12 mm. long, ascending, distally decurved and rounded-hooded, 

 at apex truncate with a lax subulate small tooth to each side ventrally; its lower lip with 

 median lobe strongly 2-ridged proximally. the lateral lobes widely spreading ; anther-cells acute 



