810 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



or acutish; capsule 16 mm. long, distally attenuate, dehiscing throughout dorsally but scarcely 

 at all ventrally; seeds 1.5 mm. long. 



Grassy meadows and stream banks, Upper Sonoran Zone; Mono County, eastern California, to southern 

 Wyoming and Colorado. Type locality: southeastern Wyoming. June-July. 



20. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. Leafy Lousewort. Fig. 4821. 



Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 108. 1838. 



Plant glabrous below the inflorescence, its rachis with fine lines of pubescence. Stem 3-5 dm. 

 tall, the leaves all cauline, numerous, and reaching 4-7 cm. long, the blades 0.8-2 cm. wide, 

 lanceolate or widely so, usually widest slightly below or about the middle, acute, serrate-dentate 

 with the teeth again serrate, rounded or cuneately narrowed to short petioles ; bracts of inflores- 

 cence equaling or longer than the flowers, similar to but smaller than the leaves ; pedicels 2-5 mm. 

 long; calyx 5-8 mm. long, the uppermost sepal lacking and the others with those of each side 

 wholly united into a single obliquely ovate lobe that terminates in a dorsally placed caudate- 

 mucronate tip, the calyx-tube deeply cleft ventrally; corolla 10-12 mm. long, glabrous, pale 

 violet-purple to rose-purple, its tube decurved through ventral cleft of calyx ; its upper lip erect 

 6-7 mm. and widening to hood, then abruptly decurved 90° and cuneately narrowed to a filiform 

 beak 5-6 mm. long that is arcuately decurved 90° or more; its lower lip about 5 mm. long, 

 deflexed-spreading, its median lobe narrowest, the laterals wider than long so that the whole 

 Innately expanded lip is 12-13 mm. wide; anther-cells acute to obtuse; capsule 10-12 rnm. long, 

 lunately lance-attenuate, dorsally rounded and dehiscing throughout, ventrally straight and 

 indehiscent. 



Open coniferous forest, Canadian Zone; British Columbia to northern California, mainly on the Cascade 

 and Klamath Mountains. Type locality: "high mountains" (Cascade Range) above Grand Rapids of the 

 Columbia River in Washington or Oregon. June-Aug. 



Pedicularis racemosa subsp. alba Pennell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 99: 176. 1947. Corolla white or slightly 

 purplish; leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, relatively rarely wider, widest near the base and thence 

 tapering to the apex; stem 3-5 dm. tall. Open coniferous forest, Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; mountains, 

 eastern Washington (rare west to Mount Rainier) and northeastern Oregon to southeastern British Columbia, 

 Montana, and New Mexico. Type locality: near Musselshell Creek, near Lolo Creek, Clearwater County, Idaho. 

 July-Sept. 



28. MELAMPYRUM [Bauhin] L. Sp. PI. 605. 1753. 



Erect annual herbs, with opposite leaves and a leafy-bracted raceme of white flowers. 

 Bracteoles none. Calyx of 4 sepals (the uppermost lacking), which are united near base. 

 Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip galeate (with component petals united to apex) and inter- 

 nally pubescent, the lower lip equaling it in length, with a puberulent palate upraised 

 against upper lip and with 3 short lobes. Stamens 4, the anther-cells proximally hairy 

 and awned. Capsule flattened, in our species lunate and somewhat decurved, acute, de- 

 hiscing only on the rounded dorsal side. Seeds few, hard, nut-like, exposed by the rup- 

 tured capsule. [Name Greek, meaning black wheat.] 



About 20 species, the others of Europe and Asia. Type species, Melampyrum arvense L. 



1. Melampyrum lineare Desr. American Cow- Wheat. Fig. 4822. 



Melampyrum lineare Desr. Encyc. Meth. Bot. 4: 22. 1796. 



Plant puberulent, much-branched, 1.5-3 dm. tall. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate, entire, the 

 upper that subtend flowers somewhat shorter and often truncately widened at base and some- 

 times with a few spreading setaceous teeth ; pedicels nearly 2 mm. long ; calyx-lobes lanceolate- 

 attenuate, becoming 5 mm. long ; corolla 6-9 mm. long, white, with yellow palate, and with the 

 tips of the lips often reddish; capsule 7-9 mm. long; seeds 3 mm. long, lustrous-black, with 

 }fellow or yellowish white narrowed base. 



Sandy woodland, Canadian Zone; southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington to Newfoundland, 

 its subspecies extending south on the Appalachian Mountains to Georgia. Type locality: presumably eastern 

 Canada. July-Aug. 



29. ORTHOCArPUS* Nutt. Gen. 2: 56. 1818. 



Erect or diffuse annual herbs, with sessile, alternate, narrow, entire or pinnately lobed 

 or parted leaves, and prominently bracteate spiciform inflorescences. Calyx tubular- 

 campanulate, 4-cleft, or cleft before and behind and the divisions 2-lobed. Corolla nar- 

 rowly tubular, strongly bilabiate, valvate, the erect, entire, beak-like upper lip (galea) 

 scarcely surpassing the much inflated saccate lower lip, which is tipped with 3 small 

 teeth. Stamens 4, attached near the summit of the tube; anthers 1- or 2-celled, thin, 

 usually explanate and ciliate. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds few to numerous, with reticu- 

 late or alveolate, often loose coat. [Name Greek, meaning upright fruit.] 



A genus of about 25 species, principally confined to the western United States and adjacent borders. One 

 species is confined to the central Andes. Type species, Orthocarpus tuteus Nutt. 



* Text contributed by David Daniels Keck. 



