814 SCROPHULARIACEAE 



lobes, the middle one broadest, the upper ones tipped with yellow or sometimes purple; calyx 

 12-20 mm. long, subequally cleft about one-half its length into narrow lobes colored at tip; 

 corolla yellow with purple markings, 14-25 mm. long, exceeding calyx, narrow throughout to 

 rather ample, the lower lip shallow to rather deep, 4-6 mm. long not including the erect obtuse 

 purple (or yellow) teeth 1-3 mm. long, somewhat exceeded by the straight galea. 



Low saline ground near the coast, Humid Transition Zone; Vancouver Island to Monterey County, Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: California, probably San Francisco or Monterey. May-Aug. Widely variable in habit 

 and coloring. 



Orthocarpus castillejoides var. humboldtiinsis Keck, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 16: 536. 1927. Bracts 

 and calyx purple-tipped, the lobes of the bracts short and truncate; corolla purplish, the lower lip tipped with 

 yellow, the teeth prominent. Salt marshes about Humboldt Bay, California. Type locality: Eureka, Humboldt 

 County. 



7. Orthocarpus densiflorus Benth. Owl's-clover, Fig. 4829. 



Orthocarpus densiflorus Benth. Scroph. Indicae 13. 1835. 

 Orthocarpus noctttinus Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 211. 1905. 



Stem erect, slender, often corymbosely branching above, 1-3.5 dm. high, puberulent, yellow- 

 ish. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, attenuate, the lower entire, the upper with a pair of 

 lateral lobes, 2-8 cm. long; spike dense, 2-10 cm. long, rather narrow, purplish; bracts equal- 

 ing corollas, usually 3-lobed, the upper ones purple-tipped, finely pubescent ; calyx about equaling 

 throat of corolla ; corolla purplish, the often yellowish lower lip with 3 prominent purple spots 

 anteriorly, 10-25 mm. long, not exserted from the spike, the lower lip 3-4 mm. long, not as deep, 

 the prominent erect purple teeth 1.5-2.5 mm. long, about equaling the puberulent subulate galea. 



Grassy fields, Upper Sonoran Zone; Mendocino County to Los Angeles County, California, very rare in the 

 Sierra Nevada foothills. Type locality: California. March-May. 



Orthocarpus densiflorus var. grScilis (Benth.) Keck, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 16: 538. 1927. {Ortho- 

 carpus gracilis Benth. Scroph. Indicae 12. 1835; O. Parishii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 229. 1882.) 

 Bracts equaling the throat of the corolla; corolla becoming exserted from the spike, the lower lip much inflated, 

 conical or rounded, as deep as or deeper than long, often white. Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, to 

 Los Angeles County, and southern Orange and Riverside Counties to San Diego County, California, and northern 

 Lower California. Type locality: doubtless Santa Lucia Mountains. 



Orthocarpus densiflorus var. obispoensis Keck, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 16: 539. 1927. Spike white, the 

 corolla somewhat exserted from it, creamy white with few purple dots, the lower lip deeply saccate. Coastal San 

 Luis Obispo County, California. Type locality: Morro. 



8. Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Escobita. Common Owl's-clover. 



Fig. 4830. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Scroph. Indicae 13. 1835. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens var. Palmeri A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 300. 1878. 



Stem erect, slender or moderately stout, often corymbosely branching from the base up- 

 ward, 1-4 dm. high, usually anthocyanous, hirsute. Leaves deeply pinnatifid into several fili- 

 form involute-thickened divisions, these rarely again lobed, 1-5 cm. long; spike dense, 2-20 cm. 

 long, pale to deep purple, usually very showy ; bracts 1-2 cm. long, palmately 5-7-lobed, typi- 

 cally with greenish hirsute base, becoming greenish purple medianly, and the linear tips of the 

 lobes densely velvety and rose-purple ; calyx nearly equaling the bract and similarly hairy and 

 colored; corolla scarcely exserted, crimson or purplish, the lower lip variously marked with 

 purple, its tip often whitish or yellowish with purple dots at base of the small teeth, 12-30 mm. 

 long, the lower lip rather shallow and inconspicuous to much inflated, densely puberulent, the 

 slender galea exceeding lower lip 2-3 mm., more or less hooked at very tip over the prominent 

 stigma, densely bearded with crimson velvety hairs. 



Open fields, valleys and foothills, in various soils, mostly Upper Sonoran Zone; throughout the length of the 

 Great Valley of California and in the Coast Ranges from southern Mendocino County to Lower California, east 

 to Arizona and Sonora. Type locality: California. March-May. One of the important constituents in the spring 

 wildflower displays, coloring hundreds of acres in many parts of the state. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens var. Iatif61ius S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 458. 1871. {Orthocarpus purpuras- 

 cens var. multicaulis Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 944. 1925.) Branches procumbent or ascending, or the stem 

 simple; lobes of floral bracts usually broad and showy, tipped with lavender, pink, or greenish white and giving 

 the spike a banded appearance; galea rich purple, the showiest part of the corolla. A polymorphous maritime 

 variety mostly on old dunes from Humboldt County to San Luis Obispo County, California. Type locality: Noyo, 

 Mendocino County. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens var. pallidus Keck, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 16: 544. 1927. {Orthocarpus 

 exsertus Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 109. 1904.) Lower lip of corolla yellow or white. Southern .San Luis_ Obispo 

 County to western Riverside County, California, largely replacing the typical form in this area; occasional to 

 San Diego. Type locality: Lincoln Park, near Pasadena. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens var. ornatus Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 944. 1925. {Orthocarpus venustus 

 Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 141. 1906; O. purpurascens var. venustus Keck, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 16: 542. 1927.) 

 Spike deep purple; corolla deep velvet red, the outer third of lower lip orange-yellow. Western Mojave Desert. 

 Type locality: not given. 



9. Orthocarpus linearilobus Benth. Pallid Owl's-clover. Fig. 4831. 



Orthocarpus linearilobus Benth. PI. Hartw. 330. 1839. 

 Orthocarpus mariposanus Congdon, Erythea 7: 188. 1899. 



Stem erect, simple or with erect branches above, pubescent, like the foliage becoming ob- 

 viously villous above, 1.5-3.5 dm. high. Leaves linear or nearly so, the lowermost entire, the 

 upper pinnatisect with 2 or 3 pairs of nearly filiform lobes, 2-5 cm. long; spike dense, usually 

 short and broad ; bracts nearly equaling corolla, the long linear lobes pale purplish or yellowish 

 tipped : calyx subequally 4-lobed ; corolla cream-white or yellowish or the galea sometimes rose- 

 lilac, 15-25 mm. long, pubescent, the gradually or abruptly dilated lower lip longer than deep, 



