be employed to remove any collected oil. Any damaged vessels that 

 transport petroleum products should have oil booms placed around them to 

 contain discharges into the water during repairs. 



Regulatory Factors 



Marine repair and maintenance facilities are likely to be located 

 in existing harbor facilities, where state and local certifications or 

 permits may not be required, or if required are straightforward. Creation 

 of a new harbor facility, however, will entail the-process of state' and 

 local appovals briefly outlined in Section 2.1.3. Because these harbor 

 facilities usually require channel modification or maintenance. Federal 

 dredge and fill permits are an important consideration in site selection. 



Federal Role : The Corps of Engineers issues dredge and fill permits 

 under the authority of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 

 Section 404 of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, and 

 regulations that they issued July 25, 1975, in Volume 40 of the Federal 

 Register, pages 31320 et seq. The Fish and Wildlife Service must be 

 consulted before the permit is issued. In addition to commenting on 

 technical questons related to wildlife and habitat conservation, FWS 

 recommends mitigation measures. The District Engineer issues the permit 

 unless the Regional Director of the FWS objects. An FWS objection 

 requires the permit decision to be made in Washington after consultation 

 between the Corps and the Department of the Interior. 



Other Federal agencies may also comment on these applications. 

 Their objections result in review by the Division Engineer of the 

 application who either directs the District Engineer to issue the permit 

 or recommends denial. EPA theoretically has a veto in the process, but 

 the regulations under which a veto would be exercised have yet to be 

 promulgated. 



Development Strategy 



The strategy of marine repair and maintenance yards involves 

 augmenting existing facilities to provide prompt service for OCS-related 

 vessels. The development of this capability is a variable mixture of 

 expanding existing businesses and initiating new businesses, especially 

 for some of the specialized vessel needs. In harbors where extensive 

 capability already exists, such as Long Beach and San Diego on the west 

 coast. Mobile on the Gulf, and Gloucester in the northeast, little 

 additional development should be anticipated. The less the existing 

 port capability, given a constant resource size, the greater would be 

 the required repair and maintenance development. 



In addition, the repair and maintenance industry will expand in 

 direct response to the intensity of offshore activity. 



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