No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 381 



hairs on its sides anteriorly, the segments distinct and gradually 

 shorter beyond the second anal segment, with a tuft of long hairs ; 

 wings rudimentary and not much more than i mm, long. 



The galls of this species are about 7 mm. in diameter, orbicu- 

 lar, and slightly uneven or pimply, each pimple crested with a 

 tuft of hair-like filaments, pale ash-gray in color but brown or 

 black when weathered ; the larval cell is central and is kept in 

 place by a spongy mass that is loosely fibrous on the inner surface 

 of the gall ; the cell itself is oval and measures nearly 4 by 4.5 

 mm. ; the shell is very thin and hard ; the galls are found as a 

 rule upon the leaves of the white oak (Quercus alba), on the 

 tops of tall old trees. They are said to be rarely abundant but to 

 occur occasionally in great numbers on an isolated tree or in a 

 small grove of oaks. 



This species may be confused with P. niger Gillette, from 

 which it may, however, be determined by comparison with the 

 above description. 



°P. fulvicollis Fitch. 



Length : 3 to 4 mm. ; mostly black, with the thorax tawny 

 yellow, spotted anteriorly with black, the scutel brighter yellow, 

 and the legs dusky or blackish, with the knees and hips of a paler 

 dull yellowish color ; antennae practically entirely black. 



This species appears on the first snows that fall in the latter 

 part of November and the beginning of December. 



°P. nigricollis Fitch. 



Length 3 mm. ; mostly black, with the basal third of the an- 

 tennae and the legs obscure brownish yellow, scutel dull yellow, 

 the inner sides of the femora slightly dusky. 



°P. (Zopheroteras) vaccinii Ash mead. 



Length 2 mm. (female); head and thorax dull brown; 

 abdomen black, shining, or mostly black and distinctly brownish 

 at base ; antennae 14- jointed, beyond the eighth joint infuscated ; 

 parapsidal grooves very indistinct, scutel terminating above in an 

 elevated horn-like process ; all tibiae dark brown along the outer 

 edges ; wings entirely wanting, not even wing scales being present. 

 Bred from clusters of small, somewhat bell-shaped, petiolate, 

 greenish galls on the under sides of leaves, along the midrib. 

 The shape of these galls is suggestive of the flower* of Vaccinhim, 



