CUTTINGS AND SEEDS. ' 11 



one shoot to each phmt. It" lurj^o onoutjfh, the rooted cuttings should 

 be removed to nursery rows the followinj^ fall. In no case should the 

 plants be removed from the cuttin*^ beds to permaniMit locations. 



If the plants make sufficient jjfrowth the first season, they should be 

 severely cut back; otherwise the o])eration should be deferred initil the 

 foUowintr season. The lenjith of stem to remain as the future trunk 

 must be regulated according to whether a dwarf or tall specinuMi is 

 wanted. It must be taken into consideratit)n that the leaves are much 

 more easily gathered from dwarf trees than from tall ones; in fact, 

 they are more easily managed, not oidy so far as leaf gathering is 

 concerned, but also in pruning and in keeping noxious insects and 

 fungus diseases under control. The leaves on a tall tree are not all 

 developed alike; those oiv the side fully exposed to the sun will 

 naturally be in perfect condition, while on the opposite side they are 

 softer and pr()bal)ly not so well adapted to the purpose for which they 

 are intended. Medium-sized trees are therefore preferable for all 

 purposes. 



INIX^OK SPKINi; < ITTINCS. 



Another method of propagation from cuttings, and a very success- 

 ful one, consists in selecting medium-sized shoots al)out the ])eginning 

 of November. These, ])efore being made into cuttings, are .sorted into 

 bundles of ditierent lengths, tied, and heeled in ashes or sand, or in a 

 mixture of both, and protected In' a frame having a northern exposure. 

 During the winter they are taken out and cut into lengths of about 

 5 inches. These are tied in bundles and buried in moist sand or 

 moss. In early spring they are unti(>d and put (juite thickly in a 

 propagating bed having a mild l)ottom heat, where the}' will root 

 rapidly. When such .a bed is lacking, wooden flats about 4 inches 

 deep may be used for the reception of the cuttings; but they must 

 have the protection of a frame covered with sash. If a little loamy 

 soil is placed in the bottom of the flats the cuttings will remain in good 

 condition for a considerable time after rooting and until a favorable 

 opportunity arrives for planting them out in nursery rows. If those 

 rooted indoors are given plenty of air after being rooted in the bed, 

 they can be transferred to the open ground with safety during dull 

 weather. 



PROPAGATION BY SEEDS. 



The most convenient and rapid method of propagation is undoubtedly 

 from seeds, as they are quick to germinate and the seedlings make 

 growth about as rapidly as plants raised from cuttings. Seeds sown 

 shortly after being harvested will germinate in a few days. If kept 

 over winter and sown in earW spring, the seedlings will appear within 

 fourteen days. When the seed is spring sown, the seedlings will, if 

 the weather be propitious, attain a height of from 12 to 18 inches in 



