1910.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 513 



with occasional collections from the damp shady borrow pit holes and 

 caves along the road. Many specimens were gathered from the stone 

 walls along this road. There are not many places beyond Garrett's 

 woods along this road "2 to 4 miles from Mandeville" where the 

 woods touch the road, but a few were explored, generally caves and 

 borrow pits; the ground rises in this direction to perhaps 2500 feet 

 above sea level at four miles from Mandeville. 



To the west and northwest of Mandeville there is more of the original 

 forest remaining uncleared, and at Somerset there is considerably 

 more forest than cleared land. The ridge near Lincoln, the most 

 western point explored in this region, rises to some 2,700 feet above 

 sea level, and lies to the north of the road. It overlooks the valley 

 of the Black River and St. Elizabeth Parish, and from it may be seen 

 the Santa Cruz mountains in the distance. The hill-top is rocky 

 with the honeycombed limestone in place, and rising in many chim- 

 neys and spires, forming a very favorable habitat for the species 

 found, but the woods has been somewhat disturbed by cutting of 

 firewood, though evidently never cleared. Out the Kendal road, to 

 the north of Mandeville, the ground is thoroughly cultivated and again 

 few patches of original forest come down to the road. The specimens 

 were mostly obtained from stone walls and low roadside cuts in the 

 limestone down to about 1,500 feet above sea level. In a few places 

 the forest touched the road and collections were made along the cuts 

 at these places, but the woods were not explored. 



The colony on the Somerset road, near the 2 mile post from Mande- 

 ville (about three miles from the town), was a patch of woods and a 

 small quarry or borrow pit, on the north slope of a hill overlooking 

 the valley of Williamsfield and Kenclal, and was at about the elevation 

 of Mandeville. From this point onward the parish road to Somerset 

 is shaded by the trees of the portions of the original forest that are 

 here quite extensive. The hills are more abrupt and the cliffs rise 

 in many places 50 to 100 feet or more. At Somerset, about six miles 

 from Mandeville, the woods are so nearly continuous that there is 

 no bar to the free migration of the species from one to another, but 

 still it is evident that there are a number of distinct colonies. Col- 

 lections were made from the roadside cuts and walls, in the stony 

 pastures and woods, from the cliffs and from a dissected cave and a 

 sink hole. The woods and cliffs were principally explored, and under 

 stones and in rock piles many specimens were taken alive. The 

 limestone in places wears into cylindrial more or less vertical holes 

 of all sizes up to ten feet in diameter, and in these many dead shells 



