SPECIALIZATION AND ORGANIZATION. 5 



race, its period of growth coincides with that of civiliza- 

 tion itself. 



We cannot know the circumstances of its first intro- 

 duction. We assume that opportunities for the first 

 steps in the division of labor presented themselves for- 

 tuitously, and that, the opportunities being given, the 

 inherent advantages of the principle in the struggle for 

 existence would be quite enough to secure it the aid of 

 natural selection. 



The principle carries with it two grand advantages — 

 two primary conditions of progress. First, the concen- 

 tration of energy ; and secondly, the economical com- 

 bination of energies. The one holds the possibilities 

 of intensifying and improving ; the others, the possibili- 

 ties of utilizins: and aus^mentino^. These conditions and 

 their contained possibilities, given with the division of 

 labor, are the possibility, not only of all social, but 

 also of all organic evolution. 



We may now go still further and assert that the evo- 

 lution of the cell, the relatively simple structural unit 

 of the organic world, would have been an impossibility 

 without the division of labor. Imperfect as our knowl- 

 edge of the cell still is, it is now certain that it has an 

 organization based upon a division of function. 



There is already an overwhelming amount of concur- 

 rent evidence to show that the nucleus is the real seat 

 of the hereditary tendencies ; and the deeper we pene-. 

 trate into the complexities of its structure, and the more 

 we study its internal transformations and movements, 

 the more evident it becomes that the nucleus has had 

 its evolution, which carries the subdivision of labor still 

 farther back. 



