SPECIALIZATION AND ORGANIZATION. 23 



time and energy, how are we to keep its general bear- 

 ings and relations in full view ? Will organization of 

 any kind within our reach effect this ? If our special- 

 ties are parts of a whole, then this whole must be 

 representable by one or more modes of combination. 

 That kind of organic association which permits each 

 unit to work for itself while making it the servant of 

 all the rest, must be a possibility. 



It must be evident to every one who is capable of 

 understanding the situation, that luiion is just as essen- 

 tial a part of the law of progress as division. If spe- 

 cialization is a necessity, so is organization. But there 

 is this difference between the tendencies, — that the 

 one precedes the other and comes into recognition first. 

 Specialization has already forced its way to the front, 

 and is nearly everywhere recognized as a necessity ; 

 organization follows, but lags lamentably behind the 

 needs of the times. 



The general principle of cooperation has long been 

 at work. The naturalists of all countries are brought 

 into cooperative relations through journals and other 

 scientific publications. Every year multiplies these 

 points of union, and draws the scattered workers into 

 closer mutual dependence. Cut off these indispensable 

 media of communication, and that unity of action on 

 which progress now depends would at once come to 

 an end. Of course the unity of action in so extended 

 a body cannot be complete. Duplication of work will 

 now and then occur, but the waste in this direction is 

 fast becoming reduced to a minimum. 



The tendency to specialization is rapidly developing 

 among our journals. This is seen especially in such 



