350 APPENDIX. 



the period when this carcass was first observed by a Tungii- 

 sian in the thawing cliff in 1799, and the moment when it 

 became entirely disengaged, and fell down upon the strand, 

 between the shore and the base of the cliff. Here it lay two 

 more years, till great part of the flesh was devoured by wolves 

 and bears : the skeleton was then collected by Mr. Adams and 

 sent to Petersburgh. Many of the ligaments were perfect, 

 and also the head, with its integuments, weighing four hun- 

 dred and fourteen pounds without the tusks, whose weight to- 

 gether was three hundred and sixty pounds. Gi-eat part of 

 the skin of the body was preserved, and was covered with 

 reddish wool and black hairs ; about thirty-six pounds of hair 

 were collected from the sand, into which it had been trampled 

 by the bears. 



The following description, by Mr. Adams, of the place in 

 which this mammoth was found will form an interesting sub- 

 ject of comparison with Captain Beechey's account of the cliff 

 in Eschscholtz Bay : " The place were I found the mammoth 

 is about sixty paces distant from the shore, and nearly a hun- 

 dred paces from the escarpment of the ice from which it had 

 fallen. This escarpment occupies exactJy the middle between 

 the two points of the peninsula, and is two miles long : and 

 in the place where the mammoth was found, this rock has a 

 perpendicnlar elevation of thii-ty or forty toises. Its substance 

 is a clear pure ice; it inclines towards the sea; its top is co- 

 vered with a layer of moss and friable earth fourteen inches 

 in thickness. During the heat of the month of July a part of 

 this crust is melted, but the rest remains frozen. Curiosity 

 induced me to ascend two other hills at some distance from 

 the sea ; they were of the same substance, and less covered 

 with moss. In various places were seen enormous pieces of 

 wood of all the kinds produced in Siberia : and also mam- 

 moth's horns, in great numbers, appeared between the hollows 

 of the rocks ; they all were of astonishing freshness. The es- 

 carpment of ice was from thirty-five to forty toises high : and 

 according to the report of the Tungusians, the animal was, 

 when they first saw it, seven toises below the surface of the 

 ice," &c. 



