352 APPENDIX. 



of tlie carcass, though much decayed, was still enclosed in its 

 skin, and was left to perish : the bones were yellow ; the foot 

 had on its skin many hairs and roots of hairs. On various 

 parts of the skin were stiff hairs from one to three inches long. 



If we compare these phenomena of the arctic regions with 

 those of other countries, and especially with England, we 

 shall find it by no means peculiar to the northern extremities 

 of the world to afford extensive deposits of diluvial mud and 

 gi'avel, containing the remains of extinct species of the ele- 

 phant and rhinoceros, together with those of horses, oxen, 

 deer, and other land quadrupeds. A lai-ge portion of the east 

 coast of England, particularly of Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, 

 Yorkshire, and Northumberland, is composed of similar deposits 

 of argillaceous diluvium, loaded in many places with bones of 

 the same species of quadrupeds : these deposits are not only on 

 the low grounds and lands of moderate elevation, but also on 

 the summits of the highest hills, e. g. on the chalky cliff of Flam- 

 borough Head, four hundred and thirty feet above the sea. In 

 the central parts of England, near Rugby, we have similar 

 deposits, containing bones, tusks, and teeth of the same species 

 of animals. In Scotland we have the same argillaceous dilu- 

 vium on the east coast, near Peterhead, and near the western 

 coast, at Kilmaurs, in Ayrshire, where it contains tusks of 

 elephants and bones. 



The analogies which these deposits offer to those in the arctic 

 regions are very striking. In both cases the bones are of the 

 same species of animals. In both cases they are imbedded in 

 superficial deposits of mud and gravel of enormous extent 

 and thickness. In both cases the deposits derive no accession 

 from existing causes, and are suffering only continual loss and 

 destruction by the action of the atmosphere, of rivers, and of 

 the sea. Their chief peculiarity in the polar regions seems to 

 consist in the congelation, to which the diluvium itself, as well 

 as the remains included in it, are subject, from the influence 

 of the present polar climate. Examples might be quoted to 

 show the occurrence of similar remains in diluvial deposits all 

 over Europe, and largely in America. Having then such 

 extensive accumulations of the bones of animals, and the 



