NAUTICAL REMARKS. 431 



bring the eastern tangent of the cluster of cocoa-nut trees 

 nearest the fort, in one with a remarkable saddle on the moun- 

 tain at the back of the town, until the outer part of the dry 

 ground on the right comes on with Diamond Point, or until 

 a large hut standing by itself on the north shore of the har- 

 bour is in one w'lihfour cocoa-nut trees in a cluster. With 

 these marks, steer for the four trees, open the trees to the 

 eastward until they are a sail's-breadth apart; and when the 

 fort flag-staff is one with the trees eastward of the fort, anchor 

 in four and a quarter fathoms, mud. 



These directions will, I think, be intelligible to a person 

 on the spot ; but I must repeat, that no stranger should run 

 for this harbour, except in cases of absolute necessity. Should 

 it be attempted, a good look-out from the jib-boom end, or 

 fore-yard, will be found serviceable. 



In consequence of the sea that rolls over the reef, and breaks 

 in four or five fathoms water, it is necessary that boats should 

 follow nearly the directions that have been given for vessels, 

 except that when the eastern point of the dry land on the 

 right of the entrance comes on with Diamond Hill, they may 

 then steer for the south end of a stone wall, which will be seen 

 on the western side of the harbour; and when the before- 

 mentioned yellow house opens, they may steer for the landino- 

 place. Unless they adopt these precautions, they will in all 

 probability run upon the reefs, or be upset. And in entering 

 the harbour, it is necessary for boats as well as shipping to 

 keep the marks strictly on. 



I shall conclude these remarks, the greater part of which 

 have been furnished by Mr. Elson, the master, by observing, 

 that the water in the wells in the town is unwholesome upon a 

 voyage, and that it is proper to send the casks up the river to 

 be filled. 



TYPA. 



MACAO. 



The depth of water in the Typa has diminished within these 

 last thirty years, as there are now not more than nine and a 

 half or ten feet water, at the lowest spring-tides, and no vessel 



