SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS 



119 



RED VERSUS WHITE EYES. 



GRAY VERSUS YELLOW COLOR. 



Red J 

 White d 

 Red 9 



Red 9 - 54 

 White 9-82 



I Red ? -40 

 White ? - 93 



Red d" - 53 

 White cf - 14 



Gray cT 



j Gray ? - 25 

 I Yellow ? - 31 



V 11^ ^ I Gray ? - 12 

 Yellowed I Yellow? -30 



I Gray J - 60 

 I Yellow d" - 12 



Gray ? 



White? 1^^^^ "^2 



White V I ^J^J^^ ^ _ jg 



Yellow? IST^ "^f 

 * I Yellow cT - 8 



NORMAL VERSUS CLIPPED 

 WINGS. 



GRAY-WHITE VERSUS YELLOW- 



WHITE. 



, o [ Clipped cf - 51 



Normal ? ^ ^.t i , r--, 



[ Normal J - 67 



Normal d" 



Clipped ? - 27 

 Normal ? - 25 



Gray J 

 Gray ? 



f Gray ? 



-11 



Yellow ? - 4 



[ Gray cf - 21 

 Yellow d" - 3 



( 



were repeated with a new type that had yellow wings. 

 The gray male is more successful and the yellow females 

 less resistant. The results are in accord with the as- 

 sumption that greater vigor is an important factor 

 in success. 



The following mating bears on this point. Stur- 

 tevant used in competition a red- and a vermilion- 

 eyed male. The latter seems as vigorous as is the 

 red-eyed type. The results were : 



Red ? 



Red S 

 Vermilion 



11 

 14 



showing that the red-eyed male has no advantage 

 when the males are equally vigorous. 



This evidence, taken as a whole, seems to me to show 

 with some probability that sight plays a minor role in 



