SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS 



119 



RED VERSUS WHITE EYES. 



_ , ^ J Red 9 - 54 



^^^^ I White? -82 



^,. ^ I Red 9 -40 



^^^^^^ I White? -93 



Red? 1^"^^ -^^ 



"^^ ^ I White d" - 14 



White? 1^^^^ ~^^ 



White V I ^j^i^^ ^ _ j9 



GRAY VERSUS YELLOW COLOR. 



Gray d" 



I Gray ? - 25 

 [ Yellow ? - 31 



Yellow cf iST^o"!n 

 I Yellow ? - 30 



Gray? 1 G^-^^ c? -60 

 ^ ^ ^ I Yellow cf - 12 



Yellow? IST^ -2f 

 [ Yellow d - S 



NORMAL VERSUS CLIPPED 

 WINGS. 



Normal ? 



Normal J 



f Clipped cf - 51 

 Normal d" - 67 



Clipped ? - 27 



Normal ? - 25 



GRAY-WHITE VERSUS YELLOW- 



Gray d" 

 Gray ? 



WHITE. 



Gray ? - 11 

 Yellow ? - 4 



Gray d" - 21 

 Yellow d" - 3 



were repeated with a new type that had yellow wings. 

 The gray male is more successful and the yellow females 

 less resistant. The results are in accord with the as- 

 sumption that greater vigor is an important factor 

 in success. 



The following mating bears on this point. Stur- 

 tevant used in competition a red- and a vermilion- 

 eyed male. The latter seems as vigorous as is the 

 red-eyed type. The results were : 



Red ? 



Red S 11 



Vermilion cJ 14 



showing that the red-eyed male has no advantage 

 when the males are equally vigorous. 



This evidence, taken as a whole, seems to me to show 

 with some probability that sight plays a minor role in 



