366 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS 



Canthocainptus^ reduction, 190 ; ovarian 



eggs, I93> 194- 



Cell, in general, 3; origin, 7, 8; name, 13; 

 general sketch, 14; polarity of, 38; as a 

 structural unit, 41 ; structural basis, 16-22, 

 212; physiology and chemistry, 238; size 

 and numerical relations, 289-292; in in- 

 heritance, 7, 295, 328; differentiation of, 

 311-315; independence of, 323. 



Cell-bridges, 42. 



Cell-division (see Mitosis, Amitosis), general 

 signilicance, 9, 45; general account, 45; 

 types, 46; Remak's scheme, 46; indirect, 

 47; direct, 80; cyclical character, 129, 

 164; equal and reducing or qualitative, 

 185, 304. 305; relation to development, 

 264; Sachs's laws, 265; rhythm, 268, 289; 

 unequal, 270-276; of teloblasts, 271; 

 energy of, 289; relation to metamerism, 

 291 ; causes, 292; relation to growth, 

 293; and differentiation, 312, 323. 



Cell-membrane, 38. 



Cell-organs, 37; nature of, 21 1; temporary 

 and permanent, 211, 236. 



Cell-organization, 21; general discussion, 

 210-237. 



Cell-plate, 52. 



Cell-state, 41. 



Cell-theory, general sketch, i-io. 



Central spindle, 49, 52; origin and function, 



74- 



Centrosome, 17; general sketch, 36; posi- 

 tion, 39; in mitosis, 49; a permanent 

 organ, 54, 224; dynamic centre, 56; 

 historical origin, 67; functions, 70, 259; 

 in amitosis, 81; of the ovum, 91 ; of the 

 spermatozoon, 99, loi, 123; in fertiliza- 

 tion, 135, 141, 144, 156-159, 171; degen- 

 eration of, 135, 142, 171, 224; continuity, 

 143, 227; in parthenogenesis, 156, 203; 

 nature, 224-229; intra-nuclear, 64, 225; 

 effect on cytoplasm, 36, 212; supernum- 

 erary, 260. 



Centrosphere, 36, 49, 77; nature of, 232. 



Ceraiozainia, reduction, 196. 



Cerianthns^ regeneration in, 293. 



Chcrtopterus, fertilization, 143; sperm-centro- 

 some, 226. 



Chara, spermatozoids, 106. 



Chii-onomtis, spireme-nuclei, 26. 



Chorion, 96. 



Chromatic figure, 50; origin, 53; varieties, 

 59; in fertilization, 134. 



Chromatin, 24; in meristeni, 27; in mitosis, 

 47; in cancer-cells, 68; of the egg-nucleus, 

 92; elimination of, in cleavage, iii, in 



oogenesis, 117, 121 ; staining-reactions, 

 127, 243, 244; morphological organization, 

 78, 80, 183-185, 215-222, 304, 305; 

 chemical nature, 28, 241-244; relations 

 to linin, 223; physiological changes, 244- 

 247; as the idioplasm, 257, 301, 302; in 

 development. 321, 322, 326. 



Chromatin-granules, 27; in mitosis, 78; in 

 reduction, 206; general significance, 221, 

 222, 305 ; relations to linin, 223. 



Chromoplast, 37. 



Chromatophore, 37, 211 ; in the ovum, 98; 

 in fertilization, 169. 



Chromomere (see Chromatin-granule), 27, 

 221. 



Chromosomes, 27; in mitosis, 47-52; num- 

 ber of, 48, 49, 154, 219; variation of, 59; 

 bivalent and plurivalent, 61, 190, 205- 

 207; division, 77; of the primordial germ- 

 cell, III; in fertilization, 134, 135, 154; 

 independence in fertilization, 156, 219; 

 reduction, 173; in early germ-nuclei, 193; 

 conjugation of, 199; in parthenogenesis, 

 203,204; individuality of, 215-221 ; com- 

 position of, 221, 304, 305; chemistry, 

 243; history in germinal vesicle, 245; in 

 dwarf larv£e, 258. 



Ciliated cells, 30, 34. 



Ciona, egg-axis, 280. 



Clavelina, cleavage, 270, 281. 



Cleavage, in general, 9; geometrical rela- 

 tions, 265-278; Sachs's laws, 265; modi- 

 fications of, 268; spiral, 270; reversal of, 

 270; meroblastic, 271 ; under pressure, 

 275, 309; Hertwig's laws, 276; promor- 

 phology of, 278; bilateral, 280; rhythm, 

 290 ; mosaic theory, 299; half cleavage, 

 308; and development, 309-320, 323; 

 partial, 315. 



Cleavage-nucleus, 153. 



Cleavage-planes, 267; determination of, 277; 

 axial relations, 280-285, 287. 



Clepsine, nephridial cell, 32; polar rings, 

 150; cleavage, 270. 



Closteriuf7i, conjugation and reduction, 198. 



Cockroach, amitosis, 81; orientation of egg, 



283. 

 Coelenterates, germ-cells, 109; regeneration, 



325- 

 Conjugation, in unicellular animals, 163-168; 



unicellular plants, 169; physiological mean- 

 ing, 129, 165. 



Contractility, theory of mitosis, 70-74; in- 

 adequacy, 77. 



Copepods, reduction, 190. 



Corixa, ovum, 284. 



