APPENDIX, NO. I. 19 



Their wigwams are of t^vo kinds ; one of a circular form, 

 and the other octagonal. The first of these consists simply 

 of a few poles supported by a fork, such as are common to 

 various tribes in North America; but this kind is used only 

 as a summer residence whilst employed in the lakes and 

 rivers procuring food for the winter. Those in which I 

 found them were of the octagonal structure, and were con- 

 structed with very considerable pains. The diameter, at 

 the base, was nearly twenty-two feet ; to the height of about 

 four feet above the surface was a perpendicular wall or 

 fence of w ooden piles and earth ; on this was affixed a wall- 

 plate, from which were projected poles forming a conical 

 roof, and terminating at the top in a small circle, sufficient 

 for emitting the smoke and admitting the light ; this and 

 the entrance being the only apertures ; a right line being 

 drawn to equal distances from each of the angular points 

 towards the centre was fitted neatly with a kind of lattice- 

 work, forming the fronts of so many recesses which were 

 filled with dressed deer skins. The fire was placed in the 

 centre of the area, around which was formed their places of 

 rest, every one lying with his feet towards the centre, and 

 the head up to the lattice-work partition, somewhat ele- 

 vated. The whole wigwam was covered in with birch bark, 

 and banked on the outside with earth, as high as the upright 

 wall, by which these abodes, with little fuel, were kept 

 warm even in the inclemency of the winter. Every part 

 was finished in a manner far superior to what might rea- 

 sonably have been expected. According to the report of 

 William Cull, the storehouses seen by him w ere built with * 

 2L ridge pole, and had gable ends; and the frame of the 

 store which we saw on the island, I conceive to be of that 

 description, as it certainly had a ridge pole. Their canoes 

 were finished with neatness, the hoops and gunnels formed 

 of birch, and covered in with bark cut into sheets, and 

 neatly sewed together and lackered over with gum of the 

 spruce-tree. Their household vessels were all made ot 



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