94 MARINE FAUNA OF ST. ANDREWS. 



Solaster endeca, L. ; Norman, op. cit. p. 122. 

 Not uncommon on the West Sands after storms, but much 

 less abundant than the foregoing. 



Genus 18. Cribrella, Agassiz. 



Crihrella sanguinolenta, 0. F. Miiller ; Norman, op. cit. 

 p. 124. 



Very common between tide-marks, often hanging to the 

 dripping sides and roofs of caverns. A large and much 

 softer variety occasionally occurs. The greater diameter in 

 several instances reaches 5 inches ; and one exceeds this size. 



Fam. 3. Asteriadae. 



Genus 20. Asterias, L. 

 Asterias rubens, L. ; Norman, oj). cit. p. 128. 

 Abundant between tide-marks and beyond. Many singuhir 

 varieties, from the loss or partial reproduction of the rays, 

 occur, the most remarkable, perhaps, being that represented 

 in Plate VI. fig. 1. A specimen shows five large rays, two 

 of which are formed by the splitting of one arm, while in 

 the interspace are two small rays situated one over the other. 

 They spawn in November ; and many are found in the pecu- 

 liar stool-like position, grasping the ova, at this season. The 

 same postui-e, however, is sometimes assumed when devoiu-ing 

 Littorina ohtusata or other mollusks. Examples with devel- 

 oping arms are shown in Plate VI. figs. 2 & 3. 



Asterias violacea^ 0. F. Muller ; Norman, op. cit. p. 128. 

 As common as the foregoing, and even more so between 

 tide-marks. 



Asterias hispida^ Pennant ; Norman, op. cit. p. 128. 

 This species has only been seen at St. Andi-ews by Prof. 

 Edward Forbes, who found several specimens on the sands 

 after a storm in 1839. Although hmidreds of small forms 

 have been examined, no specific character has occun-ed to 

 separate them from the foregoing {A. rubens and A. violacea). 



