68 MARINE FAUNA OF ST. ANDREWS. 



Cardium edule, L. Op. cit. ii. p. 286, v. pi. 35. f. 5. 

 Abundant in the muddy sand at the moutli of the river 

 Eden. Cockle-gathering forms the occupation of some of the 

 fisherwomen. 



Cardium norvegicwm, Spengler. Op. cit. ii. p. 294, v. pi. 35. f.7. 



Not uncommon ; generally brought by the fishermen from 

 deep water. 



Fam. 12. CyprinidaB, Geinitz. 



Genus 2. Cyprina, Lamk. 



Cyprina islandica, L. Op. cit. ii. p. 304, v. pi. 36. f. 2. 



Common in deep water, and thrown ashore after storms. 

 Some have rows of small adlierent pearls. 



Genus 3. Astarte, J. Sowerby. 

 Astarte sulcata, Da Costa. Op. cit. ii. p. 311, v. pi. 37. f. 1 & 2. 

 Frequently brought up by the deep-sea lines of the fisher- 

 men. Semifossil valves of ^. horealis are also not uncommon. 



Astarte compressa, Mont. Op. cit. ii. p. 315, v. pi. 37. f. 3 & 4. 

 Frequent in deep water. 



Genus 4. Circe, Schumacher. 

 Circe minima, Mont. Op. cit. ii. p. 322, v. pi. 37. f. 6. 

 Not uncommon in deep water, and in the stomachs of cod, 

 haddocks, and flounders. 



Fam, 13. Venerids, Leach. 



Genus 1. Venus, L. 



Venus exoleta^ L. Oj). cit. ii. p. 327, v. pi. 38. f. 1 . 



Abundant in deep water, and on the beach after storms. 



