organized crab is instantly fatal — even the cutting 

 off of an eye-stalk (a regenerable appendage) will 

 sometimes produce a surgical shock sufficient to 

 kill within a minute's time. So it is not inconceiv- 

 able that any creature equipped with nerves is, to 

 some degree at least, capable of suffering pain. 



Now all this is not to say that I am opposed to 

 every investigation that requires the infliction of 

 pain. The point I am trying to make is that much 

 unnecessary suffering is caused by puerilities that 

 pass as scientific research. Indeed, candor compels 

 me to add that I, myself, have not always been 

 entirely guiltless of sharing in one phase of this 

 unholy enterprise. Time was when, in the belief 

 that this glorified butchery was part of the making 

 of a naturalist, I slew and slew and slew. But that 

 vain delusion is no more. With growing experience 

 in my trade there gradually came the conviction 

 that these employments were not only causing con- 

 siderable sacrifice of precious life but also they 

 were a sinful waste of time. Human nature and 

 human ways certainly could not be studied in the 

 corpse; neither could traits and capacities be 

 learned from the carcass of a jellyfish or crab. 

 Therefore, I devoted my attentions more and more 



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