20 QUAKER ASPECTS OF TRUTH 



to work. At first all the advantage seems to be on the 

 side of the horse ♦ But wait a few years and you will 

 see the boy riding the horse. Thanks to parental 

 self-sacrifice, the boy is on top and the horse is under- 

 neath. 



Indeed, of all the mammals, man is the one in whom 

 parental love is most important as a survival factor. 

 The wonderful survival of the Jews has been largely due 

 to their loving care of their children. For three thousand 

 years, whilst the great military empires of the world have 

 successively risen and then rotted in decay, the Jew has 

 survived^ And he is likely still to survive, for the 

 infantile mortality in Cheetham Hill — the district in 

 Manchester where the poor Jews live — is only half what 

 it is in An coats, where the poor Christians live. So 

 ** Love is the fulfilling of the law *' — even the Law of the 

 Survival of the Fittest, 



Another moral and intellectual faculty which early 

 entered into Evolution as a survival factor, was 

 co-operation for mutual help and protection. This 

 subject has been very admirably and thoroughly worked 

 out by that excellent biologist. Prince Kropotkin, in 

 his little book entitled Mutual Aid. He shows very 

 clearly that the Law of the Survival of the Fittest does 

 not mean a relentless struggle for existence : ** Every 

 man for himself, and the Devil take the hindermost,'' 

 On the contrary, willingness to co-operate for mutual 

 help and protection, and willingness to sacrifice individual 

 advantage for the common weal, soon became an 

 important survival factor. Thus, in those humble 

 creatures, the Ants and Bees^ this co-operation is very 

 marked, and is often associated with striking self- 

 sacrifice, as may be well seen, when an ant-hill catches 

 fire, and the Ants return to perish in the flames, in their 

 efforts to save the larvae. Then again, birds will nest 

 together for mutual help and protection, and by their 



