12 SCOTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 



torrents, and as they proceed, expand into lakes — lakes, which are but their 

 halting-place, so to speak, and where, diffused and weakened, and subsiding for a 

 time, they again proceed with modified speed, and descending, as it were, step by 

 step, accomplish their destination.* 



Of all these varieties — including what we have not enumerated, as respects 

 coast and river scenery, as well as that which, under the head of ancient and 

 modern architecture, is calculated to illustrate the history of the people and the 

 progress of civiHzation — we shall gradually present such specimens as, from actual 

 survey, and the discriminating judgment of some of the most skilful artists of 

 the day, seem best suited to fulfil our own engagements, and to meet the public 

 taste and expectation. 



BERWICKSHIRE. 



Quanta Caiedonios attollet gloria campos ! 

 Cum tibi longaevus referet trucis incola terrse 

 Hie suetus dare jura parens ; hoc cespite turmas 

 Affari ; nitidas speculas, castellaque longe 

 Adspicis 1 ilie dedit cinxitque hsec maenia fossa. 



Statius, Sylv. lib. v. 14'2. 



The natural division of Scotland f is into three peninsulas— the first of 

 which extends from the southern border to the estuary of the Forth and Clyde, 

 the second to Lochness, and the tliird to Pentland Frith : artificially it is divided 

 into thirty-three counties ; eighteen of which lie south of the Forth, and fifteen 

 to the north. The great popular division, however, is formed by the Grampian 

 range into two unequal parts— the lesser comprehending the mountain districts, 

 or Highlands ; and the greater that of the southern provinces, or Lowlands. 



• The beautiful arrangement of Providence is bere strongly marked, and cannot but strike the most 

 casual observer. By this means the most destructive phenomenon of mountain regions is disarmed of hall 

 its power, and rendered comparatively harmless. 



t " Scotland was known to the Romans by the name of Caledonia, because," says Sir William Temple, 

 "the north-vfest part of Scotland was by the natives called Cal-dun, signifying hills of hazel, with 

 which it was covered ; from which the Romans— forming an easy and pleasant sound out of what was 

 harsh to their classic ear— gave it the name of Caledonia. The derivation of the name of Scotland lias 

 given occasion for much plausible disquisition, but is hardly worth dwelling upon. The latest conjecture 

 on the subject favours its Sci/tliian origin." 



