502 APPENDIX. 



fat, and packed into a bag formed of the hide of the 

 animal. A bag weighing 90lbs. is called a " tazireau'' 

 by the Canadian voyagers, and, in fact, only one bag of 

 pemmican is generally made from each bison cow that is 

 killed. Two pounds of this kind of food are sufficient 

 for the daily support of a labouring man ; though, when 

 the voyagers first commence upon pemmican for the 

 season, they will each consume three pounds or more. 

 In the spring they generally boil the young shoots of the 

 Epilobium angustifolium along with it; and the Orkney- 

 men in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company 

 add flour or oatmeal, thus rendering it much more 

 palatable. The best pemmican is made of finely pounded 

 meat, mixed with marrow, and further improved by the 

 addition of dried berries or currants. If kept from the 

 air, it may be preserved sound for several years ; and 

 being very portable, it might be used with great advan- 

 tage in provisioning troops that have to make forced 

 marches. It may be eaten raw, or mixed with a little 

 water, and boiled ; and, although not much relished by 

 those who taste it for the first time, the voyageur, with 

 the single addition of the luxury of tea, requires nothing 

 else for breakfast, and dinner, or supper ; the two last 

 meals being generally conjoined on a voyage in the fur 

 countries. 



The Bald Eagle. (Aquila lencocephala.) F. B. A. 2. 



p. 15. 



The bald or white-headed eagle resides all the year in 

 every part of the United States ; but visits the fur coun- 

 tries only in the summer, arriving there in the van of 

 the migratory birds. The comparative lengths of the 

 quill feathers vary in different individuals. Mr. Au- 



