PART SIX 



ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY 



Anatomy treats of the cells, tissues, and organs of a plant 

 or animal, whereas morphology deals with the external form 

 and features. The latter discipline is older than the former 

 and the reason for this is that the study of anatomy had to 

 await the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth 

 century. 



The systematist, in one sense of the word, is a morphol- 

 ogist since he studies the external features of an organism. 

 Some systematists are anatomists part time when they ex- 

 amine a plant's chromosomes (if cytology is considered to be 

 a facet of anatomy). Sometimes species can be distinguished 

 one from the other on the basis of wood structure. Further- 

 more, the type of wood cell, whether vessel, tracheid, fiber, 

 or parenchyma cell, will determine to what use the wood can 

 be put. Pine boards do not warp or split as much as oak 

 boards do because the pine has only one kind of water con- 

 ducting cell, the tracheid, instead of both tracheids and ves- 

 sels. All in all, the anatomist and morphologist, like the 

 physiologist and the systematist, are indispensable to modern 

 research. 



Nehemiah Grew was one of the earliest anatomists and 

 Dr. Sinnott is a modern one. Please compare their precise- 

 ness and styles. 



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