74: 



ARTHUR C. UPTON 



became available only recently, karyotypic abnormalities in blood cells are 

 now well documented in leukaemias (Ford and Mole, 1959). The abnormalities 

 include changes in chromosome morphology and number, although ostensibly 

 euploid leukaemias are not unusual (Table IV). 



Table IV. Chromosomes in haetnopoietic cells of leukaemic and non-leukaemic 



individuals 



Diagnosis 



Aneuploid modal 



chromosome 



number 



Consistent 

 morphologic 

 abnormality 



Investigator 



{proportion of individuals) 



Non-leukaemic control 



0/62 



26/34+ 



Ford et al. (1958); see Sandberg 

 et al. (1961); Hungerford (1961); 

 Kinlough and Robson (1961) 

 Tough et al. (1961); Sandberg 

 etal. (1961) 



See Sandberg et al. (1961); 

 Kinlough and Robson (1961) 

 See Sandberg et al. (1961);Tough 

 etal. (1961); Nowell and Hunger- 

 ford (1961); Kinlough and 

 Robson (1961) 



Sandberg et al. (1961) Hunger- 

 ford (1961). 



Ford et al. (1958); Wakonig and 

 Stich (1960) 

 Ford et al. (1958) 

 Stich (in press) 

 Bayreuther (1960) 

 Bayreuther (I960) 



Ford et al. (1958); Wakonig and 

 Stich (I960); Stich (in press) 



t All 7 cases trisomic for minute autosome, probably No. 21. 

 X 24 of 30 cases revealed the Ph^ chromosome. 



The significance of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease 

 is yet to be established. However, the individuality of cytogenetic changes in 

 certain murine leukaemias mduced by radiation (Ford et al., 1958) and 

 9,10-dimethyl-l,2-benzanthracene (Stich, in press) suggests an on-random 

 type of alteration which may have causal significance. Even more suggestive 

 is the high proportion (Table IV) of human cases of chronic myelogenous 



