REACTIONS OF NERVES AND MUSCLES TO RADIATION 299 



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DISCUSSION 



shabadash : You have shown an immediate reaction of nerve-muscle preparation 

 from leech or worm. What do you know about the more delayed effects, for 

 example those occurring at five-minute intervals during the first hour when the 

 muscles remain cormected with the nerve chain? 



What is the cause of faikire in the experiments with frog preparations? In 

 these experiments was the nervous apparatus left intact? I mean spinal gangliae 

 and spinal cord. 



HUG: We observed the preparations many hours after single or repeated irradia- 

 tion and found no delayed effect after the onset of the immediate reactions. 

 Even after 36 hr the reactibility to irradiation was preserved. For our comparative 

 studies we used isolated preparations of frogs ischaticus and gastrognemius. 

 We did not make in vivo studies with preserved spinal ganglia and spinal cord. 

 Until now we have no explanation for the differences in reactibility between 

 nerve-muscle preparations of lower animals and those of vertebrates. Perhaps 

 species differences in the metabolism and nerve function are responsible. 



marcovich: Did you find any post-effects? Was it possible to observe immediate 

 excitatory response to irradiation in the post-effect period? 



hug: Beside the "residual contraction" we observed no post-effect. Afterwards, 

 except for high doses the response to other stimuli seems to be unchanged. 

 Theses studies, however, are not yet finished. 



LEBEDiNSKY : Have you any experimental proofs indicating that the depolariza- 

 tion lies at the phenomenon basis of the radiation excitation? This is my view on 

 the matter, but I would like to know whether you have any additional data 

 beside those, which are already at ovu- disposal? 



hug : For two years we have tried to discover immediate changes of the i^otential 

 in muscle cells but failed to do so owing to technical difficulties. 



TOBIAS: I have some data regarding reflex reactions of the mammal nerves and 

 they are in good agreement with Dr. Hug's. 



