LEPTOMEDUSAE 27 



St. 1780. 2. vi. 36. 56° 10' 06" S, 00° 08' 48" W. South-west of Bouvet Island. Net: N 70 B 700-450111. i specimen. 

 St. 1871. 12. xi. 36. 64 04' 24" S, 52° 57' 30" W. East of Joinville Island, Graham Land. Net: TYFB 1450- 



1000 m. I specimen. 

 St. 2006. 19. iii. 37. 66" 16' 42" S, 13° 23' 18" W. Off Coats Land, Antarctica. Net: TYFB 1750-1400 m. 



I specimen. 



The specimens are about 15-20 mm. in diameter, more or less damaged. 



Distribution. This bathypelagic medusa has been found in several localities in the North Atlantic, 

 as far north as the Davis Strait, west of Greenland. It has also been recorded from the neighbourhood 

 of the Bermudas and the Azores. Two other species of Chromatonema have been described, C. 

 erythrogonon (Bigelow 1909) and C. hertwigi (Vanhoffen 191 1) ; the first was found in the tropical east 

 Pacific, the other in the Indian Ocean between Ceylon and the Nicobar Islands. Both of them are 

 probably identical with C. riibrum. Moreover, it seems very likely to me that Ptychogena aiirea Van- 

 hoffen (1912a, p. 366. PI. 24, fig. 4) belongs to C. rubruni. His description, though insufficient, does 

 not contradict this supposition, and the coloured figure shows a considerable resemblance to the speci- 

 mens collected by ' Discovery IT in other parts of the antarctic seas. Vanhoffen's medusa was found 

 north-west of the Gauss station, and up to now it has been regarded as a doubtful species. The 

 Discovery collections show that C. nibnim is widely distributed in the deep sea around half the circum- 

 ference of the Antarctic Ocean. 



LEPTOMEDUSAE 

 Family Laodiceidae 

 Laodicea undulata (Forbes & Goodsir 185 1) 

 1953 Laodicea undulata Russell, p. 230. PI. 14, figs. 1-3. Text-figs. 123-31. 



A survey of the history and nomenclature of this species is given by Russell in the monograph 

 referred to above. 

 Occurrence: St. 100 C. i. x. 26. 33° 20' S, 15° 18' E to 33° 46' S, 15° 08' E. South-west of Cape of Good Hope. 



Net: TYF 0-5 m. 2 specimens. 

 St. 708. 23. X. 31. 10° 20' 36" S, 34° 54' 42" W. Off Aracaju, Brazil. Net: TYFB 208-0 m. 2 specimens. 



The specimens from St. 708 are young stages, about 3 mm. wide ; one of the specimens from St. 100 C 

 is II mm., the other 31 mm. in diameter. They are typical in every respect, and the occurrence 

 in these two localities confirms the supposition that all forms of Laodicea found in the Atlantic area 

 (except L. pulchra, see below) belong to L. undulata. It has been recorded only once before from the 

 southern Atlantic, namely, from the Patagonian Bank (Thiel 19386, p. 322). Moreover, I have seen 

 numerous specimens taken in the Gulf of Guinea (Kramp 1955, p. 253). 



Distribution. Widely distributed in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. On the Atlantic 

 coast of America it occurs from the Gulf of Maine to the West Indies, and its American distribution 

 is now augmented southward to the Brazilian coast, besides the record from Patagonia mentioned 

 above. On the European coasts, it occurs from Iceland to Portugal, and on the west coast of Africa 

 it has been recorded from the Cape Verde Islands and the Gulf of Guinea, and now has also been 

 taken near the Cape of Good Hope. 



Laodicea pulchra Browne 1902 



(PI. IV, fig. 7) 



1902 Laodicea pulchra Browne, p. 280. 



1939 Laodicea pulchra Browne & Kramp, p. 291. PI. 16, figs. 3-5. 



Occurrence: St. 719. i3.xi. 31. 54° 00' S, 60° 00' W. South of Falkland Islands. Net: N 100 B 109-0 m. 



I specimen, young stage. 



4-2 



