IRRADIATION OF LIVING PROTOPLASM 



657 



to illustrate this point. The significance of the vacuolization reaction, its 

 similarity to blood clotting, and its relation to calcium are discussed in 

 the main body of this paper. 



T.^LE 5. — A Partial List of Descriptions of Vacuolization of Cells 



AFTER Irradiation 



Material 



Rav 



Condi- 

 tion 



Saccharomj'ces 



Saccharomyces 



Yeast cells 



Fusarium 



Allium cepa 



Elodea and Pterygophyl 



lum 



Tradescantia 



Vallisneria 



Saxifraga 



Saxifraga 



Crepis virens 



Vicia Faba 



Amoeba 



Amoeba vahlkampfia. . . . 



Coljndinm 



Euplotes 



Am,oeba diploidea 



Paramecium 



Asterias egg 



Arbacia egg 



Leucocytes 



Lymphocytes 



Myelocytes 



Carcinoma 



Nerve cells 



Chick-heart explant .... 



Frog-spleen explant 



Chick-eye explant 



Choroid of eye 



Chick fibroblasts 



Rat testis 



Chick heart in culture . . 

 Suprarenal gland 



Radium 



Ultra-violet 



Radium 



Ultra-violet 



Roentgen 



Radium 



Ultra-violet 



Roentgen 



Roentgen 



Radium 



Radium 



Roentgen 



Schumann 



Radium 



Radium 



Roentgen 



Radium 

 Radium 

 Ultra-violet 

 Ultra-violet 

 Ultra-violet 

 Roentgen 

 Roentgen 

 Radium 

 Radium 

 emanation 

 Roentgen 

 Roentgen 

 Roentgen 

 Ultra-violet 

 Visible 

 Roentgen 

 Radium 

 Roentgen 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Fixed 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Fixed 



Fixed 



Living 



Living 



Fixed 



Fixed 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Fixed 



Living 



Fixed 



Fixed 



Living 



Living 



Living 



Fixed 



Living 



Fixed 



Living 



Fixed 



Author 



Nadson 



Nadson and Stern 

 Kotzareff and Chodat 

 Bailey 



Nadson and Rochlin- 

 Gleichgewicht 



Rochlin-Gleichgewicht 



Schulze 



Lopriore 



Williams 



Williams 



Feichtinger 



Komuro 



Bovie 



Petchenko 



Meldolesi and Reverberi 



Brown, Luck, Sheets, 



and Taylor 

 Zuelzer and Philipp 

 Zuelzer 



Lillie and Baskervill 

 Heilbrunn and Young 

 Eidenow 



Belot, Nahen, Cailliau 

 Jansson 

 Alter 



Knaffl-Lenz 



Schubert 



Gassul 



Cox 



Ogneff 



Earle 



Adler 



Bisceglie and Bucciardi 



Celotti 



Date 



1922, 1925 

 1931 

 1923 

 1932 

 1926, 1933 



1930 

 1909 

 1897 

 1923 

 1925 

 1930 

 1925 

 1915 

 1926 

 1930 



1933 

 1924 

 1905 

 1922 

 1930 

 1930 

 1925 

 1927 

 1919, 1920 



1912, 1913 



1927 



1928 



1931 



1896 



1928 



1932 



1929 



1931 



e. The results on Amoeba indicate that ultra-violet radiation causes a 

 liquefaction of the outer cortex or plasmagel with an apparent release 

 of calcium. It is believed that the calcium released from the plasmagel 

 diffuses to the interior of the cell and causes the internal liquefaction and 



